Example tutorial of events in nodeJS events

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The events module is the core module of node. Almost all commonly used node modules inherit the events module, such as http, fs, etc. This article will introduce the event mechanism in nodeJS in detail

EventEmitter

Most Node.js core APIs adopt the usual asynchronous event-driven architecture, in which certain types of objects (called a trigger) periodically fires a named event to call a function object (listener). For example, a net.Server object will trigger an event every time there is a new connection; an fs.ReadStream will trigger an event when a file is opened; a stream will trigger an event when the data is readable.

【EventEmitter】

The EventEmitter class is defined and open by the events module. All objects that can trigger events are instances of the EventEmitter class

var EventEmitter = require('events');/*{ [Function: EventEmitter]
  EventEmitter: [Circular],
  usingDomains: false,
  defaultMaxListeners: [Getter/Setter],
  init: [Function],
  listenerCount: [Function] } */console.log(EventEmitter);

The EventEmitter property of the events module points to the module itself

var events = require('events');
console.log(events.EventEmitter === events);//true

EventEmitter is a constructor that can be used to generate an instance emitter of the event generator

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();/*EventEmitter {
  domain: null,
  _events: {},
  _eventsCount: 0,
  _maxListeners: undefined } */console.log(emitter);

Method

【emitter.emit(eventName[, ...args])】

eventName <any>...args <any></any></any>

This method is based on the registration order of the listener. , synchronously calls each listener registered to the event named eventName, passing in the provided parameters. If the event has a listener, it returns true, otherwise it returns false

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.on('test1',function(){});
console.log(emitter.emit('test1'));//trueconsole.log(emitter.emit('test2'));//false

【emitter.on(eventName, listener)】

This method is used to add the listener function to The end of the listener array for the event named eventName

eventName <any> 事件名
listener <function> 回调函数</function></any>

[Note] Does not check whether the listener has been added. Calling multiple times and passing in the same eventName and listener will cause the listener to be added and called multiple times

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.on('test',function(){
    console.log(1);
});
emitter.on('test',function(){
    console.log(2);
});
emitter.emit('test');//1 2

This method returns an EventEmitter reference and can be called in a chain

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.on('test',function(){
    console.log(1);
}).on('test',function(){
    console.log(2);
});
emitter.emit('test');//1 2

【emitter.addListener(eventName, listener)】

Alias ​​of emitter.on(eventName, listener)

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.addListener('test',function(){
    console.log(1);
});
emitter.emit('test');//1

【emitter.prependListener ()】

Unlike the on() method, the prependListener() method can be used to add an event listener to the beginning of the listener array

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.on('test',function(){
    console.log(1);
}).prependListener('test',function(){
    console.log(2);
});
emitter.emit('test');//2 1

【emitter.once (eventName, listener)】

　This method adds a one-time listener function to the event named eventName. The next time the eventName event is triggered, the listener will be removed and then called

eventName <any> 事件名
listener <function> 回调函数</function></any>

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.on('test',function(){
    console.log(1);
}).once('test',function(){
    console.log(2);
});
emitter.emit('test');//1 2emitter.emit('test');//1

【emitter.prependOnceListener()】

Method is used to add an event listener to the beginning of the listener array. The next time the eventName event is triggered, the listener will be removed and then called

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.on('test',function(){
    console.log(1);
}).prependOnceListener('test',function(){
    console.log(2);
});
emitter.emit('test');//2 1emitter.emit('test');//1

[emitter.removeAllListeners([eventName])]

eventName <any></any>

Remove all or specified eventName listeners, return an EventEmitter reference, which can be called in a chain

[Note] It is a bad practice to remove listeners added elsewhere in the code, especially When the EventEmitter instance is created by other components or modules (such as socket or file stream)

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.on('test',function(){
    console.log(1);
}).removeAllListeners('test');
emitter.emit('test');//''

【emitter.removeListener(eventName, listener)】

eventName <any>listener <function></function></any>

Remove the specified listener from the listener array of the event named eventName

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();function show(){
    console.log(1);
}
emitter.on('test',show).removeListener('test',show);
emitter.emit('test');//''

[Note] removeListener will only remove at most one listener instance from the listener array . If any single listener is added multiple times to the listener array for a specified eventName, removeListener must be called multiple times to remove each instance

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();function show(){
    console.log(1);
}
emitter.on('test',show).on('test',show).removeListener('test',show);
emitter.emit('test');//'1'

　[Note] Once an event is triggered, all listeners bound to it will be triggered in sequence. This means that any call to removeListener() or removeAllListeners() after the event fires but before the last listener has finished executing will not remove them from emit() . Subsequent events will occur as expected. Because listeners are managed using internal arrays, calling this will change the position index of any listeners registered after the listener has been removed. Although this does not affect the order in which the listeners are called, it means that the copy of the listener array returned by the emitter.listeners() method needs to be recreated

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();function show1(){
    console.log(1);
    emitter.removeListener('test',show2);
}function show2(){
    console.log(2);
}
emitter.on('test',show1).on('test',show2);
emitter.emit('test');//1 2emitter.emit('test');//1

Setting

[emitter.eventNames()]

Returns an array listing the events for which the trigger has registered listeners. The value in the array is a string or symbol

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.addListener('test1',function(){console.log(1);});
emitter.addListener('test2',function(){console.log(2);});
console.log(emitter.eventNames());//[ 'test1', 'test2' ]

【emitter.listenerCount(eventName)】

eventName <any> 正在被监听的事件名</any>

Returns the number of listeners named eventName The number of event listeners

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.addListener('test',function(){console.log(1);});
emitter.addListener('test',function(){console.log(1);});
console.log(emitter.listenerCount('test'));//2

[emitter.listeners(eventName)]

eventName <any></any>

Returns the array of listeners for the event named eventName Copy

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.addListener('test',function(){console.log(1);});
emitter.addListener('test',function(){console.log(2);});
console.log(emitter.listeners('test'));//[ [Function], [Function] ]emitter.listeners('test')[0]();//1

【emitter.getMaxListeners()】

　　返回 EventEmitter 当前的最大监听器限制值

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
console.log(emitter.getMaxListeners());//10

【emitter.setMaxListeners(n)】

　　默认情况下，如果为特定事件添加了超过 10 个监听器，则 EventEmitter 会打印一个警告。 此限制有助于寻找内存泄露。 但是，并不是所有的事件都要被限为 10 个。 emitter.setMaxListeners() 方法允许修改指定的 EventEmitter 实例的限制。 值设为 Infinity（或 0）表明不限制监听器的数量。返回一个 EventEmitter 引用，可以链式调用

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){});/*Warning: Possible EventEmitter memory leak detected. 11 a listeners added. Use emitter.setMaxListeners() to increase limit */

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.setMaxListeners(11);
emitter.on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){});

【EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners】
　　每个事件默认可以注册最多10个监听器。单个EventEmitter实例的限制可以使用emitter.setMaxListeners(n)方法改变。所有EventEmitter实例的默认值可以使用EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners属性改变

　　[注意]设置 EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners 要谨慎，因为会影响所有EventEmitter 实例，包括之前创建的。因而，调用 emitter.setMaxListeners(n) 优先于 EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners = 11;
emitter.on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){}).on('a',function(){});

 

事件

【'newListener' 事件】

eventName <any> 要监听的事件的名称
listener <function> 事件的句柄函数</function></any>

　　EventEmitter 实例会在一个监听器被添加到其内部监听器数组之前触发自身的 'newListener' 事件

　　注册了 'newListener' 事件的监听器会传入事件名与被添加的监听器的引用。事实上，在添加监听器之前触发事件有一个微妙但重要的副作用： 'newListener' 回调中任何额外的被注册到相同名称的监听器会在监听器被添加之前被插入 

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.on('newListener',function(){
    console.log(2);
})
emitter.on('test',function(){
    console.log(1);
})

emitter.emit('test');//2 1

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.on('test',function(){
    console.log(1);
})
emitter.on('newListener',function(){
    console.log(2);
})
emitter.emit('test');//1

【'removeListener' 事件】

eventName <any> 事件名
listener <function> 事件句柄函数</function></any>

　　'removeListener' 事件在 listener 被移除后触发

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();function show(){
    console.log(1);
}
emitter.on('removeListener',function(){
    console.log(2);//2})
emitter.on('test',show).removeListener('test',show);

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();function show(){
    console.log(1);
}
emitter.on('test',show).removeListener('test',show);
emitter.on('removeListener',function(){
    console.log(2);//''})

var EventEmitter = require('events');var emitter = new EventEmitter();function show(){
    console.log(1);
}
emitter.removeListener('test',show);
emitter.on('removeListener',function(){
    console.log(2);//''})

 

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