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PHP异步调用实现方式
浏览器和服务器之间只一种面向无连接的HTTP协议进行通讯的,面向无连接的程序的特点是客户端请求服务端,服务端根据请求输出相应的程序,不能保持持久连接。
这样就出现了一个问题,一个客户端的相应服务端可能执行1秒也有可能执行1分钟,这样浏览器就会一直处于等待状态,如果程序执行缓慢,用户可能就没耐心关掉了浏览器。
而有的时候我们不需要关心程序执行的结果,没有必要这样浪费时间和耐心等待,那我们就要想出办法让程序不收等待在后台静默执行。
比如现在有一个场景,给1000个用户发送一封推荐邮件,用户输入或者导入邮件账号了提交服务器执行发送。
复制代码 代码如下:

$count=count($emailarr);
for($i=0;$i{
  sendmail(.....);//发送邮件
}
?>

这段代码用户体验极差,也无法实际运用,首先发送这么多邮件会产生服务器运行超时,其实漫长的用户等待时间会让用户对系统产品怀疑和失去信心。但是用户不需要等待到1000封邮件都发送完毕了才提交发送成功,我们完全可以提交后台后直接给用户提示发送成功,然后让后台程序静默依次发送。
这个时候我们就需要“异步执行”技术来执行代码,异步执行的特点是后台静默执行,用户无需等待代码的执行结果,使用异步执行的好处:
1.摆脱了应用程序对单个任务的依赖性
2.提高了程序的执行效率
3.提高了程序的扩展性
4.在一定场景提高了用户体验
5.因为PHP不支持多线程,使用异步调用的请求多个HTTP的方式达到了程序并行执行效果,但是注意的是请求的HTTP过多的话,会大大加大了系统的开销
PHP异步执行的常用方式:
1.客户端页面采用AJAX技术请求服务器
1. 最简单的办法,就是在返回给客户端的HTML代码中,嵌入AJAX调用,或者,嵌入一个img标签,src指向要执行的耗时脚本。
这种方法最简单,也最快。服务器端不用做任何的调用。
但是缺点是,一般来说Ajax都应该在onLoad以后触发,也就是说,用户点开页面后,就关闭,那就不会触发我们的后台脚本了。
而使用img标签的话,这种方式不能称为严格意义上的异步执行。用户浏览器会长时间等待php脚本的执行完成,也就是用户浏览器的状态栏一直显示还在load。
当然,还可以使用其他的类似原理的方法,比如script标签等等
2.popen()函数
resource popen ( string command, string mode );
//打开一个指向进程的管道,该进程由派生给定的 command 命令执行而产生。打开一个指向进程的管道,该进程由派生给定的 command 命令执行而产生。
所以可以通过调用它,但忽略它的输出。
pclose(popen("/home/xinchen/backend.php &", 'r'));
  这个方法避免了第一个方法的缺点,并且也很快。但是问题是,这种方法不能通过HTTP协议请求另外的一个WebService,只能执行本地的脚本文件。并且只能单向打开,无法穿大量参数给被调用脚本。
并且如果,访问量很高的时候,会产生大量的进程。如果使用到了外部资源,还要自己考虑竞争。
3.CURL扩展
CURL是一个强大的HTTP命令行工具,可以模拟POST/GET等HTTP请求,然后得到和提取数据,显示在"标准输出"(stdout)上面
复制代码 代码如下:

$ch = curl_init();
$curl_opt = array(CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.example.com/backend.php',
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1,
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 1,);
curl_setopt_array($ch, $curl_opt);
curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);

使用CURL需要设置CUROPT_TIMEOUT为1(最小为1,郁闷)。也就是说,客户端至少必须等待1秒钟。
4.fscokopen()函数
fsockopen是一个非常强大的函数,支持socket编程,可以使用fsockopen实现邮件发送等socket程序等等,使用fcockopen需要自己手动拼接出header部分
官方文档: http://cn.php.net/fsockopen/
复制代码 代码如下:

$fp = fsockopen("www.example.com", 80, $errno, $errstr, 30);
if (!$fp) {
echo "$errstr ($errno)
\n";
} else {
$out = "GET /backend.php / HTTP/1.1\r\n";
$out .= "Host: www.example.com\r\n";
$out .= "Connection: Close\r\n\r\n";
fwrite($fp, $out);
/*忽略执行结果
while (!feof($fp)) {
echo fgets($fp, 128);
}*/
fclose($fp);
}

PHP异步调用socket
复制代码 代码如下:


$host = "www.aaa.com";
$path = "/Report.php?ReportID=1";
$cookie = Session_id();
$fp = fsockopen($host, 80, $errno, $errstr, 30);
if (!$fp) {
print "$errstr ($errno)
\n";
exit;
}
$out = "GET ".$path." HTTP/1.1\r\n";
$out .= "Host: ".$host."\r\n";
$out .= "Connection: Close\r\n";
$out .= "Cookie: ".$cookie."\r\n\r\n";
fwrite($fp, $out); //将请求写入socket
//也可以选择获取server端的响应
/*while (!feof($fp)) {
echo fgets($fp, 128);
}*/
//如果不等待server端响应直接关闭socket即可
fclose($fp);
?>
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