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Take you to a deeper understanding of XML

Y2J
Y2JOriginal
2017-04-26 10:12:081565browse

1. XML: extensible markup language version="1.0"

  • ##Extensible: all tags are customized

  • Function: Data storage

    • Configuration file

    • Data transmission

  • Differences between html and xml

    • ##HTML syntax is loose, xml syntax is strict
    • html is used for page display, xml is used for data Storage
    • All tags in Html are predefined, and all tags in xml are customized
    2. xml syntax:

    Document declaration
    • version version number fixed value 1.0
    • encoding specified document The default value of the code table is iso-8859-1
    • standalone. Specify whether the document is independent yes or no
    • must be written in the xml document. One line of
    • is written as: 41d1bdbe64b863f2b16c14c0adc44b32
    • Attributes
    Tags in element xml document
    • Element names are case-sensitive
    • Numbers cannot begin
    • There must be and can only be one root element in the document
    • The element needs to be closed correctly 6c04bd5ca3fcae76e30b72ad730ca86d36cc49f0c466276486e50c850b7e4956 e51d756c5aaad531acceaabe9f3a1238
      • Escape characters>
      • The data inside CDATA will be displayed as it is
      • Attributes
    • Attribute values ​​must be enclosed in quotation marks. Both single and double quotation marks are OK
      • Comments
    • #19791207a4e0a22c816ac020ecd8cae0
      • Processing instructions: Basically no need now
    • 8492057e916c54ee353cd8d3d9f11f4f
      • 3. XML constraints

    Constraints are the writing rules of xml

    • Classification of constraints:

    • Import xsd constraint document
      • Write root tag

      • Introducing the instance namespace xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

      • ##Introducing the namespace xsi:schemaLocation="www.itcast.cn/ xml student.xsd"

      • Introducing the default namespace

      • student.xsd

      • student .xml

      • <?xml version="1.0"?>
        <xsd:schema xmlns="www.itheima.cn/xml"
                xmlns:xsd="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                targetNamespace="www.itheima.cn/xml" elementFormDefault="qualified">
            <xsd:element name="students" type="studentsType"/>
            <xsd:complexType name="studentsType">
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element name="student" type="studentType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
            <xsd:complexType name="studentType">
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>
                    <xsd:element name="age" type="ageType" />
                    <xsd:element name="sex" type="sexType" />
                </xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:attribute name="number" type="numberType" use="required"/>
            </xsd:complexType>
            <xsd:simpleType name="sexType">
                <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                    <xsd:enumeration value="male"/>
                    <xsd:enumeration value="female"/>
                </xsd:restriction>
            </xsd:simpleType>
            <xsd:simpleType name="ageType">
                <xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer">
                    <xsd:minInclusive value="0"/>
                    <xsd:maxInclusive value="256"/>
                </xsd:restriction>
            </xsd:simpleType>
            <xsd:simpleType name="numberType">
                <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                    <xsd:pattern value="itheima_\d{4}"/>
                </xsd:restriction>
            </xsd:simpleType>
        </xsd:schema>
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
      • beb97ecf77c4243ded97700415203d8a

      • <students
            xmlns="www.itheima.cn/xml"
            xsi:schemaLocation="www.itheima.cn/xml student.xsd"
            xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        >
            <student number="itheima_1001">
                <name>asfd</name>
                <age>12</age>
                <sex>male</sex>
            </student>
        </students>
        <students
            xmlns:itheima="www.itheima.cn/xml"
            xsi:schemaLocation="www.itheima.cn/xml student.xsd"
            xmlns:xsi="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        >
            <itheima:student number="itheima_1001">
                <itheima:name>asfd</itheima:name>
                <itheima:age>12</itheima:age>
                <theima:sex>male</itheima:sex>
            </itheima:student>
        </itheima:students>
      • Internal dtd defines dtd inside xml
      • External dtd defines dtd in external file

      • Student.dtd

      • student.xml

      • Local dtd filea5dfb9c8da626e491c0e8e2104dc79df

      • Network dtd filea32d1fb3a7dc5a5b87f11aea37d08186

      • <!ELEMENT students (student*) >
        <!ELEMENT student (name,age,sex)>
        <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
        <!ELEMENT age (#PCDATA)>
        <!ELEMENT sex (#PCDATA)>
        <!ATTLIST student number ID #REQUIRED> 唯一的,必须的
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
        <!DOCTYPE students SYSTEM  "student.dtd">
        <students>
            <student number="s0001" >
                <name>zs</name>
                <age>abc</age>
                <sex>yao</sex>
            </student>
        </students>
      • dtd The constraints are not strict
      • schema

      • ##4. XML parsing

      parsing XML can be done:

    • If xml is used as a configuration file: read

      • If xml is used as a transfer file: write, read
      • XML parsing ideas:

    • Advantages: Does not occupy memory, fast

      • Disadvantages: Can only read, cannot write back
      • Advantages: Because a dom tree will be formed in the memory, the dom tree can be added, deleted, modified, and checked
      • Disadvantages: The DOM tree takes up a lot of memory and the parsing speed is slow
      • Document Element Text Attribute Comment
      • DOM: Load the document to memory, forming a DOM tree (document object), encapsulating various components of the document into some objects
      • SAX: read line by line, event-driven
      • Commonly used parsers for xml

    • define a rule

      • Usage method
      • Usage steps
      • XPath:
      • public classTestXPath2 {
              @Test
              publicvoidtest()throwsException{
                    SAXReaderread= new SAXReader();
                    Documentdocument= read.read("src/Dom4jTest.xml");
                    Listnodes= document.selectNodes("/bookstore//book/title");
                    for(inti= 0;i< nodes.size();i++) {
                          Nodenode= (Node)nodes.get(i);
                          System.out.println(node.getText());
                    }
              }
        }
      • selectSingleNode()

      • selectNodes()
      • Note: To import the package jaxen...jar
      • 创建解析器 SAXReader reader = new SAXReader()

      • 解析xml 获得document对象 Document document = reader.read(url)

      •         //    nodename 选取此节点。

      •         //    /     从根节点选取。

      •         //    //     从匹配选择的当前节点选择文档中的节点,而不考虑它们的位置。

      •         //    ..     选取当前节点的父节点。

      •         //    @     选取属性。

      •         //      [@属性名]    属性过滤

      •         //      [标签名]     子元素过滤

      •       @Test

              //遍历所有元素节点

      •  publicvoidtest2()throwsException{
                    //创建一个xml解析对象
                    SAXReaderreader= new SAXReader();
                    //把xml文档加载到document对象中
                    Documentdocument= reader.read("src/Book.xml");
                    Elementroot= document.getRootElement();
                    treeWalk(root);
              }
              
              privatevoidtreeWalk(Elementele){
                    //输出当前节点的名字
                    System.out.println(ele.getName());
                    //ele.nodeCount()得到当前节点的所有子节点的数量
                    for(inti= 0;i<ele.nodeCount();i++){
                          //取出下标为i的节点
                          Nodenode= ele.node(i);
                          //判断当前节点是否为标签
                          if(nodeinstanceofElement){
                                //把node强转为标签(Element)
                                treeWalk((Element)node);
                          }
                    }
              }
        }
      • public classTestDom4j {
              @Test
              publicvoidtest1()throwsException{
                    //创建一个xml解析对象
                    SAXReaderreader= new SAXReader();
                    //把xml文档加载到document对象中
                    Documentdocument= reader.read("src/Book.xml");
                    Elementroot= document.getRootElement();
        //          Element bookNode = root.element("书");
        //          System.out.println(bookNode.getName());
                    //得到当前节点所有的子节点
                    Listlist= root.elements();
                    //得到第二本书对象
                    ElementsecondBook= (Element)list.get(1);
                    //得到当前节点的文本内容
                    Stringname= secondBook.element("书名").getText();
                    System.out.println(name);
              }
      • 导入jar包 dom4j.jar

      • 创建解析器

      • 解析xml 获得document对象

      • SAXReader reader = new SAXReader()

      • Document document = reader.read(url)

      • JAXP sun公司提供的解析 支持dom和sax

      • JDOM

      • DOM4J dom for java民间方式,但是是事实方式,非常好,支持dom

      • 解析xml

      • XPATH 专门用于查询

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