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Use CSS to cleverly create background color gradient animation examples

高洛峰
高洛峰Original
2017-03-24 10:49:134234browse

Solve the problem without considering compatibility. The questions are wild and unconstrained. Just say whatever comes to mind. If there are CSS attributes that you feel are unfamiliar in the problem solving, hurry up and learn about it. Bar.

Keep updating, keep updating, keep updating, say important things three times.

The text starts here. Sometimes, well, it should be said that in some specific occasions, we may need the following animation effect, gradient + animation:

Use CSS to cleverly create background color gradient animation examples

Assume we gradient is written as follows:

p {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg,  #ffc700 0%, #e91e1e 100%);
}

According to conventional ideas, with animation, we will first think of achieving color by changing the color in the steps of animation Gradient animation, then our CSS code may be:

p {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg,  #ffc700 0%, #e91e1e 100%);
    animation: gradientChange 2s infinite;
}
@keyframes gradientChange  {
    100% {
        background: linear-gradient(90deg,  #e91e1e 0%, #6f27b0 100%);
    }
}

We used three colors above:

  • #ffc700 Yellow

  • e91e1e Red

  • #6f27b0 Purple

In the end, there was no result as we expected, but this:

Use CSS to cleverly create background color gradient animation examples

The tween animation we expected became a frame-by-frame animation.

In other words, linear gradients do not support animation animation. What about simply changing from one color to another? Like the following:

p {
    background: #ffc700;
    animation: gradientChange 3s infinite alternate;
}
@keyframes gradientChange  {
    100% {
        background: #e91e1e;
    }
}

Found that simple monochromatic values ​​can undergo gradients:

So

To summarize, linear gradients (radial gradients) do not support animation, but monochrome backgrounds do.

I searched for the document and took a screenshot of the area near background as follows:

Use CSS to cleverly create background color gradient animation examples

Which CSS properties can be animated? The screenshot above is an incomplete property that supports CSS animation. The complete one can be clicked on the left.

Regarding background, the document states that background is supported, but there is no detail that background: linear-gradient is not supported. ()/radial-gradient(). Guess the reason may be that adding animation changes to the gradient consumes too much performance.

So is it impossible to achieve the background color gradient animation we want? Let's diverge our thinking and see if there are other ways to achieve our goals.

通过 background-position 模拟渐变动画

上面哪些 CSS 属性可以动画的截图中,列出了与 background 相关还有 background-position ,也就是 background-position 是支持动画的,通过改变 background-position 的方式,可以实现渐变动画:

p {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg,  #ffc700 0%, #e91e1e 50%, #6f27b0 100%);
    background-size: 200% 100%;
    background-position: 0 0;
    animation: bgposition 2s infinite linear alternate;
}
@keyframes bgposition {
    0% {
        background-position: 0 0;
    }
    100% {
        background-position: 100% 0;
    }
}

这里我们还配合了 background-size。首先了解下:

background-position:指定图片的初始位置。这个初始位置是相对于以 <a href="http://www.php.cn/code/865.html" target="_blank">background-origin</a> 定义的背景位置图层来说的。

background-size:设置背景图片大小。当取值为百分比时,表示指定背景图片相对背景区的百分比大小。当设置两个参数时,第一个值指定图片的宽度,第二个值指定图片的高度。

通过 background-size: 200% 100% 将图片的宽度设置为两倍背景区的宽度,再通过改变 background-position 的 x 轴初始位置来移动图片,由于背景图设置的大小是背景区的两倍,所以 background-position的移动是由 0 0 -> 100% 0 。最终效果如下:

通过 background-size 模拟渐变动画

既然 background-position 可以,那么另一个 background-size 当然也是不遑多让。与上面的方法类似,只是这次 background-position 辅助 background-size ,CSS 代码如下:

p {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg,  #ffc700 0%, #e91e1e 33%, #6f27b0 66%, #00ff88 100%);
    background-position: 100% 0;
    animation: bgSize 5s infinite ease-in-out alternate;
}
@keyframes bgSize {
    0% {
        background-size: 300% 100%;
    }
    100% {
        background-size: 100% 100%;
    }
}

效果如下:

通过改变 background-size 的第一个值,我将背景图的大小由 3 倍背景区大小向 1 倍背景区大小过渡,在背景图变换的过程中,就有了一种动画的效果。

而至于为什么要配合 background-position: 100% 0 。是由于如果不设置 background-position ,默认情况下的值为 0% 0%,会导致动画最左侧的颜色不变,像下面这样,不大自然:

Use CSS to cleverly create background color gradient animation examples

通过 transform 模拟渐变动画

上面两种方式虽然都可以实现,但是总感觉不够自由,或者随机性不够大。

不仅如此,上述两种方式,由于使用了 background-position 和 background-size,并且在渐变中改变这两个属性,导致页面不断地进行大量的重绘(repaint),对页面性能消耗非常严重,所以我们还可以试试 transfrom 的方法:

使用伪元素配合 transform 进行渐变动画,通过元素的伪元素 <a href="http://www.php.cn/java/java-Before.html" target="_blank">before</a> 或者 after ,在元素内部画出一个大背景,再通过 transform 对伪元素进行变换:

p {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg,  #ffc700 0%, #e91e1e 33%, #6f27b0 66%, #00ff88 100%);
    background-position: 100% 0;
    animation: bgSize 5s infinite ease-in-out alternate;
}
@keyframes bgSize {
    0% {
        background-size: 300% 100%;
    }
    100% {
        background-size: 100% 100%;
    }
}

实现原理如下图所示:

Use CSS to cleverly create background color gradient animation examples

我们可以在任意 animation 动画过程中再加入 scale 、skew 、roate 等变换,让效果看上去更加逼真随机。效果如下:

上面列出来的只是部分方法,理论而言,伪元素配合能够产生位移或者形变的属性都可以完成上面的效果。我们甚至可以运用不同的缓动函数或者借鉴蝉原则,制作出随机性十分强的效果。

当然,本文罗列出来的都是纯 CSS 方法,使用 SVG 或者 Canvas 同样可以制作出来,而且性能更佳。感兴趣的读者可以自行往下研究。

运用背景色渐变动画

背景色渐变动画具体可以运用在什么地方呢,稍微举个例子。

背景色渐变过渡实现按钮的明暗变化

Use CSS to cleverly create background color gradient animation examples

效果如下:

除此之外,在背景板凸显文字,让一些静态底图动起来吸引眼球等地方都有用武之地。

到此本文结束,如果还有什么疑问或者建议,可以多多交流,原创文章,文笔有限,才疏学浅,文中若有不正之处,万望告知。

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