


本次作业内容:
1、写一个脚本,完成如下功能
(1) 传递一个磁盘设备文件路径给脚本,判断此设备是否存在;
(2) 如果存在,则显示此设备上的所有分区信息;
答:
#!/bin/bash # if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then echo "Please enter a disk device." exit 2 fi if [ -b $1 ]; then fdisk -l $1 else echo "this disk device is not exist." fi
2、写一个脚本,完成如下功能
传递一个参数给脚本,此参数为gzip、bzip2或者xz三者之一;
(1) 如果参数1的值为gzip,则使用tar和gzip归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中,并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.gz;
(2) 如果参数1的值为bzip2,则使用tar和bzip2归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中,并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.bz2;
(3) 如果参数1的值为xz,则使用tar和xz归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中,并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.xz;
(4) 其它任意值,则显示错误压缩工具,并执行非正常退出;
答:
#!/bin/bash # [ -d /backups ] || mkdir /backups read -p "pelase input a argu(gzip/bzip2/xz):" argu case $argu in gzip) tar -Pzcf /backups/etc-`date +%Y%m%d`.tar.gz /etc ;; bzip2) tar -Pjcf /backups/etc-`date +%Y%m%d`.tar.bz2 /etc ;; xz) tar -PJcf /backups/etc-`date +%Y%m%d`.tar.xz /etc ;; *) echo "error compression tools" ;; esac
3、写一个脚本,接受一个路径参数:
(1) 如果为普通文件,则说明其可被正常访问;
(2) 如果是目录文件,则说明可对其使用cd命令;
(3) 如果为符号链接文件,则说明是个访问路径;
(4) 其它为无法判断;
答:
if [ $# -lt 1 ];then echo "please input a url" fi if [ -L $1 ];then echo "this is a access url" elif [ -d $1 ];then echo "can use cd common" elif [ -f $1 ];then echo "normal access" else echo "unknow" fi
4、写一个脚本,取得当前主机的主机名,判断
(1) 如果主机名为空或为localhost,或为"(none)",则将其命名为mail.magedu.com;
(2) 否则,显示现有的主机名即可;
答:
#!/bin/bash hostname=`hostname` if [ $hostname == localhost -o $hostname == none ];then hostname mail.magedu.com else echo $hostname fi
5、写一个脚本,完成如下任务 :
(1) 按顺序分别复制/var/log目录下的每个直接文件或子目录至/tmp/test1-testn目录中;
(2) 复制目录时,才使用cp -r命令;
(3) 复制文件时使用cp命令;
(4) 复制链接文件时使用cp -d命令;
(5) 余下的所有类型,使用cp -a命令;
答:
#!/bin/bash mkdir /tmp/test1-testn path="/tmp/test1-testn" for file in /var/log/*;do if [ -d$file ]; then cp-r $file $path elif [ -L$file ];then cp-d $file $path elif [ -f$file ];then cp$file $path else cp-a $file $path
6、请详细描述CentOS系统的启动流程(详细到每个过程系统做了哪些事情)
答:
CentOS主机按以下顺序启动 (1)POST 加电自检 (2)BIOS 读取CMOS中的BIOS设置的参数来识别基础硬件,寻找到启动设备 (3)MBR (1)读取启动设备MBR中前446字节的bootloader (2)读取MBR后的扇区用来识别grub以及内核kernel所在的区域 (3)启动grub (4)GRUB 显示菜单界面,选择运行内核kernel;配置文件是/boot/grub/grub.conf (1) 提供菜单、并提供交互式接口 (2) 加载用户选择的内核或操作系统 (3) 为菜单提供了保护机制 (5)KERNEL 自身初始化 (1)探测可识别到的所有硬件设备; (2)加载硬件驱动程序;(有可能会借助于ramdisk加载驱动) (3)以只读方式挂载根文件系统; (4)运行用户空间的第一个应用程序:/sbin/init (6)INIT 运行/sbin/init程序,配置文件/etc/inittab和/etc/init/*.conf 设置默认运行级别 如:id:3:initdefault: 运行系统初始脚本 如:si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit (1) 设置主机名; (2) 设置欢迎信息; (3) 激活udev和selinux; (4) 挂载/etc/fstab文件中定义的文件系统; (5) 检测根文件系统,并以读写方式重新挂载根文件系统; (6) 设置系统时钟; (7) 激活swap设备; (8) 根据/etc/sysctl.conf文件设置内核参数; (9) 激活lvm及software raid设备; (10) 加载额外设备的驱动程序; (11) 清理操作; 关闭对应的脚本中需要关闭的服务,启动需要启动服务(实际服务命令位于/etc/rc.d/init.d) l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 0 l1:1:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 1 ... l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 6 设置登录终端 tty1:2345:respawn:/usr/sbin/mingetty tty1 tty2:2345:respawn:/usr/sbin/mingetty tty2 ... tty6:2345:respawn:/usr/sbin/mingetty tty6
7、为运行于虚拟机上的CentOS 6添加一块新硬件,提供两个主分区;
(1) 为硬盘新建两个主分区;并为其安装grub;
(2) 为硬盘的第一个主分区提供内核和ramdisk文件; 为第二个分区提供rootfs;
(3) 为rootfs提供bash、ls、cat程序及所依赖的库文件;
(4) 为grub提供配置文件;
(5) 将新的硬盘设置为第一启动项并能够正常启动目标主机;
答:
添加一块硬盘 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb //将新硬盘sdb分为2个主区 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdb{1,2} //格式化分区 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt //挂载分区1到/mnt目录 ~]# grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sdb //安装grub到分区1上 ~]# cp /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-504.el6.i686.img /mnt/initramfs //复制内核文件 ~]# cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-504.el6.i686 /mnt/vmlinuz //复制ramdisk文件 ~]# vim /mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf //创建grub.conf文件 default=0 timeout=5 title CentOS6(test) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz ro root=/dev/sda2 selinux=0 init=/bin/bash initrd /initramfs ~]# umount /dev/sdb1 //卸载分区1 ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt //挂载分区2 ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/{bin,sbin,lib,lib64,etc,home,root,media,mnt,dev,tmp} ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/{usr/{bin,sbin,lib,lib64},var{lib,lib64,log,local,cache},proc,sys,selinux} ~]# cp /bin/{bash,ls,cat} /mnt/bin ~]# cp `ldd /bin/{bash,ls,cat}|grep -eo "/lib.*[[:space:]]"| sort -u` /mnt/lib //复制lib文件 ~]# sync //同步 ~]# init 6 //重启主机 重启后进入bios设置 调整硬盘启动顺序后保存退出。
8、写一个脚本
(1) 能接受四个参数:start, stop, restart, status
start: 输出“starting 脚本名 finished.”
...
(2) 其它任意参数,均报错退出;
答:
#!/bin/bash # if [ $# -eq 1 ];then case $1 in start) echo "starting $0 finished." ;; stop) echo "stopping $0 finished." ;; restart) echo "restart $0 finished." ;; status) echo "status $0 finished." ;; *) echo "error 2" exit 1 ;; esac else echo "error 1" fi
9、写一个脚本,判断给定的用户是否登录了当前系统;
(1) 如果登录了,则显示用户登录,脚本终止;
(2) 每3秒钟,查看一次用户是否登录;
答:
#!/bin/bash # if id $1 &>/dev/null && [ $# -eq 1 ] ;then until w |grep "^$1\>" &>/dev/null;do sleep 3 echo "seaching..." done echo "$1 is online." else echo "UserId is error." fi
10、写一个脚本,显示用户选定要查看的信息;
cpu) display cpu info
mem) display memory info
disk) display disk info
quit) quit
非此四项选择,则提示错误,并要求用户重新选择,只到其给出正确的选择为止;
答:
#!/bin/bash # cat << EOF cpu) display cpu info mem) display memory info disk) display disk info quit) quit ============================== EOF read -p "Enter a option: " option until [ "$option" == 'cpu' -o "$option" == "mem" -o "$option" == "disk" -o "$option" == "quit" ];do read -p "Wrong option, Enter again: " option done case "$option" in cpu) lscpu ;; mem) cat /proc/meminfo ;; disk) fdisk -l ;; *) echo "Quit..." exit 0 ;; esac
11、写一个脚本
(1) 用函数实现返回一个用户的UID和SHELL;用户名通过参数传递而来;
(2) 提示用户输入一个用户名或输入“quit”退出;
当输入的是用户名,则调用函数显示用户信息;
当用户输入quit,则退出脚本;进一步地:显示键入的用户相关信息后,再次提醒输出用户名或quit:
答:
#!/bin/bash # function userInfo { uId=`grep "^$1\>" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f3` uShell=`grep "^$1\>" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f7` } read -p "Input a user name or quit: " option until [ "$option" == "quit" ];do if id $option &>/dev/null;then userInfo $option echo -e "User:\t$option\nUID:\t$uId\nSHELL:\t$uShell" else echo "Id is wrong." fi read -p "Input a user name or quit: " option done
12、写一个脚本,完成如下功能(使用函数)
(1) 提示用户输入一个可执行命令的名字;获取此命令依赖的所有库文件;
(2) 复制命令文件至/mnt/sysroot目录下的对应的rootfs的路径上,例如,如果复制的文件原路径是/usr/bin/useradd,则复制到/mnt/sysroot/usr/bin/目录中;
(3) 复制此命令依赖的各库文件至/mnt/sysroot目录下的对应的rootfs的路径上;规则同上面命令相关的要求;
答:
#!/bin/bash mkdir -p /mnt/sysroot destPath="/mnt/sysroot" read -p "enter a command: " command which --skip-alias ${command} &> /dev/null [ $? -ne 0 ] && echo "command notfound" && exit 1 binary=`which --skip-alias ${command}` mkdir -p ${destPath}`dirname ${binary}` cp --preserve ${binary} ${destPath}${binary} for lib in `ldd ${binary} | awk ‘(NR>1){print$(NF-1)}‘`;do mkdir -p${destPath}`dirname ${lib}` cp--preserve ${lib} ${destPath}${lib} done
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