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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialIntroduction to methods of processing XML format data using Python

本文实例讲述了Python处理XML格式数据的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

这里的操作是基于Python3平台。

在使用Python处理XML的问题上,首先遇到的是编码问题。

Python并不支持gb2312,所以面对encoding="gb2312"的XML文件会出现错误。Python读取的文件本身的编码也可能导致抛出异常,这种情况下打开文件的时候就需要指定编码。此外就是XML中节点所包含的中文。

我这里呢,处理就比较简单了,只需要修改XML的encoding头部。

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os, sys
import re
def replaceXmlEncoding(filepath, oldEncoding='gb2312', newEncoding='utf-8'):
  f = open(filepath, mode='r')
  content = f.read()
  content = re.sub(oldEncoding, newEncoding, content)
  f.close()
  f = open(filepath, mode='w')
  f.write(content)
  f.close()
if name == "main":
  replaceXmlEncoding('./ActivateAccount.xml')

接着是使用xml.etree.ElementTree来操作XML文件。

在一个类里面定义call函数可以使得该类可调用,比如下面代码的最后几行,在main函数中。这也很突出地体现了在Python的世界里,一切都是对象,包括对象本身 :)

一直觉得main函数用来测试真是蛮好用的。

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os, re
import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
Locale_Path = "./locale.txt"
class xmlExtractor(object):
  def init(self):
    pass
  def call(self, filepath):
    retDict = {}
    f = open(filepath, 'r')
    Line = len(open(filepath, 'r').readlines())
    retDict['Line'] = Line
    tree = etree.parse(f)
    root = tree.find("ResItem")
    Id = root.get("ID")
    retDict['Title'] = Id
    resItemCnt = len(list(root.findall("ResItem"))) + 1
    retDict['ResItemCount'] = resItemCnt
    retDict['ChineseTip'] = 'None'
    for child in root:
      attrDict = child.attrib
      keyword = "Name"
      if(keyword in attrDict.keys() and attrDict['Name'] == "Caption"):
        if len(child.attrib['Value']) > 1:
          if child.attrib['Value'][0] == '~':
            title = child.attrib['Value'][1:]
          else:
            title = child.attrib['Value'][0:]
          #print(title)
          chs = open(Locale_Path).read()
          pattern = '<string>[^>]+>'
          m = re.search(pattern, chs)
          if m != None:
            realTitle = re.sub(']+>', '', m.group(0))
            retDict['ChineseTip'] = realTitle
    f.close()
    return retDict
if name == "main":
  fo = xmlExtractor()
  d = fo('./ActivateAccount.xml')
  print(d)</string>

最后,就是入口文件,导入上面两个文件,使用xml.dom和os.listdir来递归处理XML文件,并生成一个结果集。

一直觉得Python的UnboundLocalError错误挺有意思的,不知道是不是符号表的覆盖问题。

#!/usr/bin/env python
from xmlExtractor import *
from replaceXmlEncoding import *
from xml.dom import minidom,Node
doc = minidom.Document()
extractor = xmlExtractor()
totalLines = 0
totalResItemCnt = 0
totalXmlFileCnt = 0
totalErrorCnt = 0
errorFileList = []
xmlRoot = doc.createElement("XmlResourceFile")
doc.appendChild(xmlRoot)
def myWalkDir(level, path):
  global doc, extractor, totalLines, totalResItemCnt, totalXmlFileCnt
  global totalErrorCnt, errorFileList
  global xmlRoot
  for i in os.listdir(path):
    if i[-3:] == 'xml':
      totalXmlFileCnt += 1
      try:
        #先把xml的encoding由gb2312转换为utf-8
        replaceXmlEncoding(path + '\\' + i)
        #再提取xml文档中需要的信息
        info = extractor(path + '\\' + i)
        #在上述两行代码没有出现异常的基础上再创建节点
        #print(info)
        #print(type(i))
        xmlNode = doc.createElement("XmlFile")
        xmlRoot.appendChild(xmlNode)
        xmlName = doc.createElement("Filename")
        xmlName.setAttribute('Value', i)
        #xmlName.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(i))
        xmlNode.appendChild(xmlName)
        filePath = doc.createElement("Filepath")
        filePath.setAttribute('Value', path[34:])
        #filePath.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(path[1:]))
        xmlNode.appendChild(filePath)
        titleNode = doc.createElement("Title")
        titleNode.setAttribute('Value', str(info['Title']))
        #titleNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(str(info['Title'])))
        xmlNode.appendChild(titleNode)
        chsNode = doc.createElement("ChineseTip")
        chsNode.setAttribute('Value', str(info['ChineseTip']))
        #chsNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(str(info['Chinese'])))
        xmlNode.appendChild(chsNode)
        resItemNode = doc.createElement("ResItemCount")
        resItemNode.setAttribute('Value', str(info['ResItemCount']))
        #resItemNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(str(info['ResItemCount'])))
        xmlNode.appendChild(resItemNode)
        lineNode = doc.createElement("LineCount")
        lineNode.setAttribute('Value', str(info['Line']))
        #lineNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(str(info['Line'])))
        xmlNode.appendChild(lineNode)
        descNode = doc.createElement("Description")
        descNode.setAttribute('Value', '')
        #descNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(''))
        xmlNode.appendChild(descNode)
      except Exception as errorDetail:
        totalErrorCnt += 1
        errorFileList.append(path + '\\' + i)
        print(path + '\\' + i, errorDetail)
    if os.path.isdir(path + '\\' + i):
      myWalkDir(level+1, path + '\\' + i)
if name == "main":
  path = os.getcwd() + '\\themes'
  myWalkDir(0, path)
  print(totalXmlFileCnt, totalErrorCnt)
  #print(doc.toprettyxml(indent = "  "))
  resultXml = open("./xmlResourceList.xml", "w")
  resultXml.write(doc.toprettyxml(indent = "  "))
  resultXml.close()

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