Detailed explanation of Python's determination of uploaded file type

When developing upload services, it is often necessary to filter uploaded files.

This article provides you with a Python method to determine the file type through the file header, which is very practical.

The code is as follows

import struct 
# 支持文件类型 
# 用16进制字符串的目的是可以知道文件头是多少字节 
# 各种文件头的长度不一样，少半2字符，长则8字符 
def typeList(): 
  return { 
    "52617221": EXT_RAR, 
    "504B0304": EXT_ZIP} 
 
# 字节码转16进制字符串 
def bytes2hex(bytes): 
  num = len(bytes) 
  hexstr = u"" 
  for i in range(num): 
    t = u"%x" % bytes[i] 
    if len(t) % 2: 
      hexstr += u"0" 
    hexstr += t 
  return hexstr.upper() 
 
# 获取文件类型 
def filetype(filename): 
  binfile = open(filename, 'rb') # 必需二制字读取 
  tl = typeList() 
  ftype = 'unknown' 
  for hcode in tl.keys(): 
    numOfBytes = len(hcode) / 2 # 需要读多少字节 
    binfile.seek(0) # 每次读取都要回到文件头，不然会一直往后读取 
    hbytes = struct.unpack_from("B"*numOfBytes, binfile.read(numOfBytes)) # 一个 "B"表示一个字节 
    f_hcode = bytes2hex(hbytes) 
    if f_hcode == hcode: 
      ftype = tl[hcode] 
      break
  #不要忘记关闭打开的文件，避免出现异常
  binfile.close() 
  return ftype
 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
  print filetype('pythontab.jpg')

File header of common file formats

File format file header (hexadecimal)

JPEG (jpg) FFD8FF

PNG (png) 89504E47

GIF (gif) 47494638

TIFF (tif) 49492A00

Windows Bitmap (bmp) 424D

CAD (dwg) 41433130

Adobe Photoshop (psd) 38425053

Rich Text Format (rtf) 7B5C727466

XML (xml) 3C3F786D6C

HTML (html) 68746D6C3E

Email [thorough only] (eml) 44656C69766572792D646174655

Outlook Express (dbx) CFAD12FEC5FD746F

Outlook (pst) 2142444E

MS Word/Excel ( xls.or.doc) D0CF11E0

MS Access (mdb) 5374616E64617264204A

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