search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP输入流php://input介绍_php技巧

对一php://input介绍,PHP官方手册文档有一段话对它进行了很明确地概述。

“php://input allows you to read raw POST data. It is a less memory intensive alternative to $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA and does not need any special php.ini directives. php://input is not available with enctype=”multipart/form-data”.
翻译过来,是这样:
“php://input可以读取没有处理过的POST数据。相较于$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA而言,它给内存带来的压力较小,并且不需要特殊的php.ini设置。php://input不能用于enctype=multipart/form-data”

我们应该怎么去理解这段概述呢?!我把它划分为三部分,逐步去理解。
读取POST数据
不能用于multipart/form-data类型
php://input VS $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA
读取POST数据

PHPer们一定很熟悉$_POST这个内置变量。$_POST与 php://input存在哪些关联与区别呢?另外,客户端向服务端交互数据,最常用的方法除了POST之外,还有GET。既然php://input作 为PHP输入流,它能读取GET数据吗?这二个问题正是我们这节需要探讨的主要内容。
经验告诉我们,从测试与观察中总结,会是一个很凑效的方法。这里,我写了几个脚本来帮助我们测试。

@file 192.168.0.6:/phpinput_server.php 打印出接收到的数据
@file 192.168.0.8:/phpinput_post.php 模拟以POST方法提交表单数据
@file 192.168.0.8:/phpinput_xmlrpc.php 模拟以POST方法发出xmlrpc请求.
@file 192.168.0.8:/phpinput_get.php 模拟以GET方法提交表单表数
phpinput_server.php与phpinput_post.php



//@file phpinput_server.php
$raw_post_data = file_get_contents('php://input', 'r');
echo "-------\$_POST------------------\n";
echo var_dump($_POST) . "\n";
echo "-------php://input-------------\n";
echo $raw_post_data . "\n";
?>

//@file phpinput_post.php
$http_entity_body = 'n=' . urldecode('perfgeeks') . '&p=' . urldecode('7788');
$http_entity_type = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
$http_entity_length = strlen($http_entity_body);
$host = '192.168.0.6';
$port = 80;
$path = '/phpinput_server.php';
$fp = fsockopen($host, $port, $error_no, $error_desc, 30);
if ($fp) {
fputs($fp, "POST {$path} HTTP/1.1\r\n");
fputs($fp, "Host: {$host}\r\n");
fputs($fp, "Content-Type: {$http_entity_type}\r\n");
fputs($fp, "Content-Length: {$http_entity_length}\r\n");
fputs($fp, "Connection: close\r\n\r\n");
fputs($fp, $http_entity_body . "\r\n\r\n");

while (!feof($fp)) {
$d .= fgets($fp, 4096);
}
fclose($fp);
echo $d;
}
?>
我们可以通过使用工具ngrep抓取http请求包(因为我们需要探知的是php://input,所以我们这里只抓取http Request数据包)。我们来执行测试脚本phpinput_post.php

@php /phpinput_post.php
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 08 Apr 2010 03:23:36 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.1.6
Content-Length: 160
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
-------$_POST------------------
array(2) {
["n"]=> string(9) "perfgeeks"
["p"]=> string(4) "7788"
}
-------php://input-------------
n=perfgeeks&p=7788
通过ngrep抓到的http请求包如下:

T 192.168.0.8:57846 -> 192.168.0.6:80 [AP]
POST /phpinput_server.php HTTP/1.1..
Host: 192.168.0.6..Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded..Co
ntent-Length: 18..Connection: close....n=perfgeeks&p=7788....
仔细观察,我们不难发现
1,$_POST数据,php://input 数据与httpd entity body数据是“一致”的
2,http请求中的Content-Type是application/x-www-form-urlencoded ,它表示http请求body中的数据是使用http的post方法提交的表单数据,并且进行了urlencode()处理。
(注:注意加粗部分内容,下文不再提示).

我们再来看看脚本phpinput_xmlrpc.php的原文件内容,它模拟了一个POST方法提交的xml-rpc请求。



//@file phpinput_xmlrpc.php
$http_entity_body = "\n\n jt_userinfo\n";
$http_entity_type = 'text/html';
$http_entity_length = strlen($http_entity_body);
$host = '192.168.0.6';
$port = 80;
$path = '/phpinput_server.php';
$fp = fsockopen($host, $port, $error_no, $error_desc, 30);
if ($fp) {
fputs($fp, "POST {$path} HTTP/1.1\r\n");
fputs($fp, "Host: {$host}\r\n");
fputs($fp, "Content-Type: {$http_entity_type}\r\n");
fputs($fp, "Content-Length: {$http_entity_length}\r\n");
fputs($fp, "Connection: close\r\n\r\n");
fputs($fp, $http_entity_body . "\r\n\r\n");
while (!feof($fp)) {
$d .= fgets($fp, 4096);
}

fclose($fp);
echo $d;
}
?>
同样地,让我们来执行这个测试脚本

@php /phpinput_xmlrcp.php
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 08 Apr 2010 03:47:18 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.1.6
Content-Length: 154
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

-------$_POST------------------
array(0) {
}

-------php://input-------------


jt_userinfo

执行这个脚本的时候,我们通过ngrep抓取的http请求数据包如下

T 192.168.0.8:45570 -> 192.168.0.6:80 [AP]
POST /phpinput_server.php HTTP/1.1..
Host: 192.168.0.6..Content-Type: text/html..Content-Length: 75..Connec
tion: close...... jt_userinfo/name>.....
同样,我样也可以很容易地发现:
1,http请求中的Content-Type是text/xml。它表示http请求中的body数据是xml数据格式。
2,服务端$_POST打印出来的是一个空数组,即与http entity body不一致了。这跟上个例子不一样了,这里的Content-Type是text/xml,而不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded
3,而php://input数据还是跟http entity body数据一致。也就是php://input数据和$_POST数据不一致了。

我们再来看看通过GET方法提交表单数据的情况,php://input能不能读取到GET方法的表单数据?在这里,我们稍加改动一下phpinput_server.php文件,将$_POST改成$_GET。

复制代码 代码如下:

//@file phpinput_server.php
$raw_post_data = file_get_contents('php://input', 'r');
echo "-------\$_GET------------------\n";
echo var_dump($_GET) . "\n";
echo "-------php://input-------------\n";
echo $raw_post_data . "\n";
?>
//@file phpinput_get.php
$query_path = 'n=' . urldecode('perfgeeks') . '&p=' . urldecode('7788');
$host = '192.168.0.6';
$port = 80;
$path = '/phpinput_server.php';
$d = '';
$fp = fsockopen($host, $port, $error_no, $error_desc, 30);
if ($fp) {
fputs($fp, "GET {$path}?{$query_path} HTTP/1.1\r\n");
fputs($fp, "Host: {$host}\r\n");
fputs($fp, "Connection: close\r\n\r\n");

while (!feof($fp)) {
$d .= fgets($fp, 4096);
}
fclose($fp);
echo $d;
}
?>

同样,我们执行下一phpinput_get.php测试脚本,它模拟了一个通常情况下的GET方法提交表单数据。

@php /phpinput_get.php
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 08 Apr 2010 07:38:15 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.1.6
Content-Length: 141
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

-------$_GET------------------
array(2) {
["n"]=>
string(9) "perfgeeks"
["p"]=>
string(4) "7788"
}

-------php://input-------------
在这个时候,使用ngrep工具,捕获的相应的http请求数据包如下

T 192.168.0.8:36775 -> 192.168.0.6:80 [AP]
GET /phpinput_server.php?n=perfgeeks&p=7788 HTTP/1.1..
Host: 192.168.0.6..Connection: close....
比较POST方法提交的http请求,通常GET方法提交的请求中,entity body为空。同时,不会指定Content-Type和Content-Length。但是,如果强硬数据http entity body,并指明正确地Content-Type和Content-Length,那么php://input还可是读取得到http entity body数据,但不是$_GET数据。

所根据,上面几个探测,我们可以作出以下总结:
1,Content- Type取值为application/x-www-form-urlencoded时,php会将http请求body相应数据会填入到数 组$_POST,填入到$_POST数组中的数据是进行urldecode()解析的结果。(其实,除了该Content-Type,还有 multipart/form-data表示数据是表单数据,稍后我们介绍)
2,php://input数据,只要Content-Type不为 multipart/form-data(该条件限制稍后会介绍)。那么php://input数据与http entity body部分数据是一致的。该部分相一致的数据的长度由Content-Length指定。
3,仅当Content-Type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded且提交方法是POST方法时,$_POST数据与php://input数据才是”一致”(打上引号,表示它们格式不一致,内容一致)的。其它情况,它们都不一致。
4,php://input读取不到$_GET数据。是因为$_GET数据作为query_path写在http请求头部(header)的PATH字段,而不是写在http请求的body部分。

这也帮助我们理解了,为什么xml_rpc服务端读取数据都是通过file_get_contents(‘php://input', ‘r')。而不是从$_POST中读取,正是因为xml_rpc数据规格是xml,它的Content-Type是text/xml。
php://input碰到了multipart/form-data

上传文件的时候,表单的写法是这样的

复制代码 代码如下:







那么,enctype=multipart/form-data这里的意义,就是将该次http请求头部(head)中的Content-Type设置为multipart/form-data。请查阅RFC1867对 它的描述。multipart/form-data也表示以POST方法提交表单数据,它还伴随了文件上传,所以会跟application/x- www-form-urlencoded数据格式不一样。它会以一更种更合理的,更高效的数据格式传递给服务端。我们提交该表单数据,并且打印出响应结 果,如下:

-------$_POST------------------
array(1) { ["n"]=> string(9) "perfgeeks" }
-------php://input-------------
同时,我们通过ngrep抓取的相应的http请求数据包如下:

########
T 192.168.0.8:3981 -> 192.168.0.6:80 [AP]
POST /phpinput_server.php HTTP/1.1..Host: 192.168.0.6..Connection: kee
p-alive..User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) A
ppleWebKit/533.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/5.0.342.3 Safari/533.2..Re
ferer: http://192.168.0.6/phpinput_server.php..Content-Length: 306..Ca
che-Control: max-age=0..Origin: http://192.168.0.6..Content-Type: mult
ipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundarybLQwkp4opIEZn1fA..Acce
pt: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q
=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5..Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch..Accept-L
anguage: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8..Accept-Charset: GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3..Cook
ie: SESS3b0e658f87cf58240de13ab43a399df6=lju6o5bg8u04lv1ojugm2ccic6...
.
##
T 192.168.0.8:3981 -> 192.168.0.6:80 [AP]
------WebKitFormBoundarybLQwkp4opIEZn1fA..Content-Disposition: form-da
ta; name="n"....perfgeeks..------WebKitFormBoundarybLQwkp4opIEZn1fA..C
ontent-Disposition: form-data; name="f"; filename="test.txt"..Content-
Type: text/plain....i am file..multipart/form-data..------WebKitFormBo
undarybLQwkp4opIEZn1fA--..
##
从响应输出来比对,$_POST数据跟请求提交数据相符,即$_POST = array(‘n' => ‘perfgeeks')。这也跟http请求body中的数据相呼应,同时说明PHP把相应的数据填入$_POST全局变量。而php://input 输出为空,没有输出任何东西,尽管http请求数据包中body不为空。这表示,当Content-Type为multipart/form-data的 时候,即便http请求body中存在数据,php://input也为空,PHP此时,不会把数据填入php://input流。所以,可以确定: php://input不能用于读取enctype=multipart/form-data数据。

我们再比较这次通过ngrep抓取的http请求数据包,我们会发现,最大不同的一 点是Content-Type后面跟了boundary定义了数据的分界符,bounday是随机生成的。另外一个大不一样的,就是http entity body中的数据组织结构不一样了。

上一节,我们概述了,当Content-Type为application/x- www-form-urlencoded时,php://input和$_POST数据是“一致”的,为其它Content-Type的时候,php: //input和$_POST数据数据是不一致的。因为只有在Content-Type为application/x-www-form- urlencoded或者为multipart/form-data的时候,PHP才会将http请求数据包中的body相应部分数据填入$_POST全 局变量中,其它情况PHP都忽略。而php://input除了在数据类型为multipart/form-data之外为空外,其它情况都可能不为空。 通过这一节,我们更加明白了php://input与$_POST的区别与联系。所以,再次确认,php://input无法读取 enctype=multipart/form-data数据,当php://input遇到它时,永远为空,即便http entity body有数据。
php://input VS $http_raw_post_data

相信大家对php://input已经有一定深度地了解了。那 么$http_raw_post_data是什么呢?$http_raw_post_data是PHP内置的一个全局变量。它用于,PHP在无法识别的 Content-Type的情况下,将POST过来的数据原样地填入变量$http_raw_post_data。它同样无法读取Content- Type为multipart/form-data的POST数据。需要设置php.ini中的 always_populate_raw_post_data值为On,PHP才会总把POST数据填入变量$http_raw_post_data。

把脚本phpinput_server.php改变一下,可以验证上述内容

复制代码 代码如下:

$raw_post_data = file_get_contents('php://input', 'r');
$rtn = ($raw_post_data == $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA) ? 1 : 0;
echo $rtn;
?>

执行测试脚本

@php phpinput_post.php
@php phpinput_get.php
@php phpinput_xmlrpc.php

得出的结果输出都是一样的,即都为1,表示php://input和$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA是相同的。至于对内存的压力,我们这里就不做细致地测试了。有兴趣的,可以通过xhprof进行测试和观察。

以此,我们这节可以总结如下:
1, php://input 可以读取http entity body中指定长度的值,由Content-Length指定长度,不管是POST方式或者GET方法提交过来的数据。但是,一般GET方法提交数据 时,http request entity body部分都为空。
2,php://input 与$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA读取的数据是一样的,都只读取Content-Type不为multipart/form-data的数据。
学习笔记

1,Coentent-Type仅在取值为application/x-www-data-urlencoded和multipart/form-data两种情况下,PHP才会将http请求数据包中相应的数据填入全局变量$_POST
2,PHP不能识别的Content-Type类型的时候,会将http请求包中相应的数据填入变量$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA
3, 只有Coentent-Type不为multipart/form-data的时候,PHP不会将http请求数据包中的相应数据填入php://input,否则其它情况都会。填入的长度,由Coentent-Length指定。
4,只有Content-Type为application/x-www-data-urlencoded时,php://input数据才跟$_POST数据相一致。
5,php://input数据总是跟$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA相同,但是php://input比$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA更凑效,且不需要特殊设置php.ini
6,PHP会将PATH字段的query_path部分,填入全局变量$_GET。通常情况下,GET方法提交的http请求,body为空。
Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
The Continued Use of PHP: Reasons for Its EnduranceThe Continued Use of PHP: Reasons for Its EnduranceApr 19, 2025 am 12:23 AM

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python: Exploring Their Similarities and DifferencesPHP and Python: Exploring Their Similarities and DifferencesApr 19, 2025 am 12:21 AM

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages ​​that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP and Python: Different Paradigms ExplainedPHP and Python: Different Paradigms ExplainedApr 18, 2025 am 12:26 AM

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their HistoryPHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their HistoryApr 18, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

Choosing Between PHP and Python: A GuideChoosing Between PHP and Python: A GuideApr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP and Frameworks: Modernizing the LanguagePHP and Frameworks: Modernizing the LanguageApr 18, 2025 am 12:14 AM

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHP's Impact: Web Development and BeyondPHP's Impact: Web Development and BeyondApr 18, 2025 am 12:10 AM

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values ​​and handle functions that may return null values.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

WebStorm Mac version

WebStorm Mac version

Useful JavaScript development tools

Atom editor mac version download

Atom editor mac version download

The most popular open source editor

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

DVWA

DVWA

Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software