XSLT syntax—detailed explanation of sample code for using XSLT to convert xml documents in .net-XML/RSS Tutorial-php.cn

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XSLT syntax—detailed explanation of sample code for using XSLT to convert xml documents in .net

黄舟

Mar 09, 2017 pm 04:59 PM

XSL即可扩展的样式表文件。可以格式化xml的显示，也可以将xml转换成需要的另一种格式。

学习XSL必须熟悉XPath。XSL和XPath一样简单强大，容易学习。

1. XSL既然可以格式化xml的显示样式，我们先来看如何在xml中引用xsl文件

如下代码示例：

只需在xml文件的文档声明后面添加即可

2. XSL的格式

XSL也是一个标准的xml文件，它以xml文档声明开始，根元素必须是xsl:styleshee,同时根元素必须有version属性指定xsl的版本，和xmlns:xsl=” http://www.php.cn/”指定xsl命名空间，如下示例

3. Xsl要点如下示例xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet  type="text/xsl" href="pets-templates.xsl"?>
<pets>
  <pig color="blue" weight="100">
    <price>100</price>
    <desc>this is a blue pig</desc>
  </pig>
  <cat color="red" weight="9">
    <price>80</price>
    <desc>this is a red cat</desc>
  </cat>
  <dog color="green" weight="15">
    <price>80</price>
    <desc>this is a green dog</desc>
  </dog>
  <cat color="green" weight="15">
    <price>80</price>
    <desc>this is a green cat</desc>
  </cat>


  <dog color="blue" weight="10">
    <price>100</price>
    <desc>this is a blue dog</desc>
  </dog>
  <dog color="red" weight="9">
    <price>80</price>
    <desc>this is a red dog</desc>
  </dog>
</pets>

上面的xml在通过xsl格式化之后的显示效果如下：

1） xsl:template定义匹配节点的转换模板,属性match=”xpath expression”用来定义模板匹配的元素

如下定义匹配根节点的模板

<xsl:template match=”/”>
</xsl:template>

2） xsl:for-each循环显示select=”xpath expression”选择节点的转换 (类似编程语言中的foreach语句),

如下示例,选择了pets下面的子元素，并循环显示子元素的几点名字：

<xsl:for-each select=”/pets/*”>
<xsl:value-of select=”name()”/>
</xsl:for-each>

3） xsl:if 元素条件显示节点（类似编程语言中的if语句）注意小于号大于号要分别用67bffed8d39c986beaddeed3e8cd5568替代

<xsl:if test=”@weight < 10”>
<i>its weight is less than 10 km</i>
</xsl:if>

4） xsl:choose 多分支条件显示（类似编程语言中的switch语句）

<xsl:choose >
 <xsl:when test=”name() = ‘pig’”>
<i>this is a pig</i>
 </xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>
  <i>this is not a pig</i>
</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>

5） xsl:value-of 显示选择节点或者属性的值

选择子节点price

<xsl:value-of select=”pets/*/price”/>

选择属性weight

<xsl:value-of select=”pets/*/@weight”/>

6） xsl:attribute 构造xml节点的属性

用来向节点添加属性，例如：

<font>
<xsl:attribute name=”color”><xsl:value-of select=”pets/*/@color”/></xsl:attribute>
</font>

将输出

7） xsl:apply-templates 应用模板

如果xml文件结构比较复杂，可以定义多个template，然后使用标签应用模板，xsl:apply-templates 可以指定属性select=”xpath”来选择应用的模板，或者不指定select表示选择当前节点的模板。

请看下面示例xslt文件pets-templates.xsl

完整的示例xsl文件：pets.xsl

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
      xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
  <xsl:template match="/">
    <html>
      <head>
        <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
        <title>lovely pets</title>
        <style type="text/css">
          ul{margin:10px 0 10px 0;padding:0;width:400px;text-align:left;}
          li{height:60px;display:block;list-style:none;padding:4px;border:1px solid #f0f0f0;margin:5px;}
        </style>
      </head>
      <body>
        <center>
        <h1 id="lovely-nbsp-pets">lovely pets</h1>
        <ul>
          <xsl:for-each select="pets/*">
            <li>
              <img  align="right" alt="XSLT syntax—detailed explanation of sample code for using XSLT to convert xml documents in .net" >
                <xsl:choose>
                  <xsl:when test="name() = &#39;dog&#39;">
                    <xsl:attribute name="src">http://www.php.cn/;/xsl:attribute>
                  </xsl:when>
                  <xsl:when test="name() = &#39;pig&#39;">
                    <xsl:attribute name="src">http://www.php.cn/;/xsl:attribute>
                  </xsl:when>
                  <xsl:otherwise>
                    <xsl:attribute name="src">http://www.php.cn/@N00.jpg?1143660418</xsl:attribute>
                  </xsl:otherwise>
                </xsl:choose>
              </img>
              <font>
                <xsl:attribute name="face">Courier</xsl:attribute>
                <xsl:attribute name="color">
                  <xsl:value-of select="@color"/>
                </xsl:attribute>
                <xsl:value-of select="name()"/>
              </font> said: "<xsl:value-of select="desc"/>"
              weight:<xsl:value-of select="@weight"/>

              <xsl:if test="@weight < 10">
                <p>
                  <i>its weight is less than 10 km</i>
                </p>
              </xsl:if>


            </li>
          </xsl:for-each>
        </ul>
        </center>
      </body>
    </html>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

完整示例文件 pets-templates.xsl：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
      xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
  <xsl:template match="/">
    <html>
      <head>
        <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
        <title>lovely pets</title>
        <style type="text/css">
          ul{margin:10px 0 10px 0;padding:0;width:400px;text-align:left;}
          li{height:60px;display:block;list-style:none;padding:4px;border:1px solid #f0f0f0;margin:5px;}
        </style>
      </head>
      <body>
        <center>
          <h1 id="lovely-nbsp-pets">lovely pets</h1>
          <ul>
            <xsl:apply-templates select="pets" />
          </ul>
        </center>
      </body>
    </html>
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="pets">    
    <xsl:apply-templates select="dog"></xsl:apply-templates>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="pig"></xsl:apply-templates>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="cat"></xsl:apply-templates>
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="dog">
    <xsl:for-each select=".">
      <li>
        <img  align="right" alt="XSLT syntax—detailed explanation of sample code for using XSLT to convert xml documents in .net" >
          <xsl:attribute name="src">http://www.php.cn/;/xsl:attribute>          
        </img>
        <font>
          <xsl:attribute name="face">Courier</xsl:attribute>
          <xsl:attribute name="color">
            <xsl:value-of select="@color"/>
          </xsl:attribute>
          dog
        </font> said: "<xsl:value-of select="desc"/>"
        weight:<xsl:value-of select="@weight"/>

        <xsl:if test="@weight < 10">
          <p>
            <i>its weight is less than 10 km</i>
          </p>
        </xsl:if>
      </li>
    </xsl:for-each>
  </xsl:template>



  <xsl:template match="pig">
    <xsl:for-each select=".">
      <li>
        <img  align="right" alt="XSLT syntax—detailed explanation of sample code for using XSLT to convert xml documents in .net" >
          <xsl:attribute name="src">http://www.php.cn/;/xsl:attribute>
        </img>
        <font>
          <xsl:attribute name="face">Courier</xsl:attribute>
          <xsl:attribute name="color">
            <xsl:value-of select="@color"/>
          </xsl:attribute>
          pig
        </font> said: "<xsl:value-of select="desc"/>"
        weight:<xsl:value-of select="@weight"/>

        <xsl:if test="@weight < 10">
          <p>
            <i>its weight is less than 10 km</i>
          </p>
        </xsl:if>
      </li>
    </xsl:for-each>
  </xsl:template>


  <xsl:template match="cat">
    <xsl:for-each select=".">
      <li>
        <img  align="right" alt="XSLT syntax—detailed explanation of sample code for using XSLT to convert xml documents in .net" >
          <xsl:attribute name="src">http://www.php.cn/@N00.jpg?1143660418</xsl:attribute>
        </img>
        <font>
          <xsl:attribute name="face">Courier</xsl:attribute>
          <xsl:attribute name="color">
            <xsl:value-of select="@color"/>
          </xsl:attribute>
          cat
        </font> said: "<xsl:value-of select="desc"/>"
        weight:<xsl:value-of select="@weight"/>

        <xsl:if test="@weight < 10">
          <p>
            <i>its weight is less than 10 km</i>
          </p>
        </xsl:if>
      </li>
    </xsl:for-each>
  </xsl:template>
  
</xsl:stylesheet>

在c#.net中使用XslCompiledTransform转换xml文档，XslTransform也可以使用，但是这个类已经被微软标记为过时，最好不要再用了，如下代码示例：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml;

namespace UseXslt
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //声明XslTransform类实例
            System.Xml.Xsl.XslCompiledTransform trans = new System.Xml.Xsl.XslCompiledTransform();

            string xsltFile = @"X:\about.net\System.Xml\example\pets.xsl";
            using (StreamReader rdr = new StreamReader(xsltFile))
            {
                using (XmlReader xmlRdr = XmlReader.Create(rdr))
                {
                    //载入xsl文件
                    trans.Load(xmlRdr);
                }
            }
            string inputFile = @"X:\about.net\System.Xml\example\pets.xml";
            string outputFile = @"X:\about.net\System.Xml\example\pets-out.htm";
            //转化源文件输出到输出文件outputFile
            trans.Transform(inputFile, outputFile);
        }
    }
}

有一点需要注意，使用XslCompiledTransform转换出来的文件，是一个html格式的，这个类会自动在html的head标签中添加一个未关闭的meta标签；微软帮我们想的太多了。

Xslt还可以指定参数，定义变量，有关这些方面请查看相关文档。

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