XPath syntax: Specific code introduction to using XPath examples in C#

XPath can quickly locate nodes or attributes in Xml. XPath syntax is very simple, but powerful enough. It is also the basic knowledge for using xslt.

Example

symbol

Description Example Example description are node indexes, similar to c#*

			/	means starting from the root node to select	/pets	Select the root nodepet s
represents the spacer between the node and the child node	/pets/dog	Select pets dognode under node
//xx	means searching from the entire xml document regardless of the current node position	//price	Select all pricenodes
.	A single English half-width period indicates selecting the current node	/pets/.	Select petsNode
..	Double dots indicate selecting the parent node	/pets/dog[0]/..	represents the pets node, which is the parent node of the first dog node
@xx	means selecting attributes	//dog/@color	means selecting all dog nodes colorAttribute collection
[…]	The square brackets represent the selection conditions, and the brackets are the conditions	//dog[@color ='white']	All color are white's dognodes
		//dog[/price	All dognodes
	and other languages The array , array subscript starts from 1 //dog[1]		Node 1 The last dog Node, last() is the xPath built-in function
			|	The single vertical bar represents the combination of merged nodes	//dog[@color='white'] | //cat[@color='white']	colorThe dog node with the white attribute and the catnode
The asterisk represents a node or attribute with any name		//dog/*	represents all child nodes of the dog node
		//dog /@*	represents all attribute nodes of the dog node

2.

p

means Divide by, the mathematical division sign / here has been used as the separator between nodes

mod

means taking the remainder

3. XPath logical operator

=

equal to, equivalent to ==!=

in c#

is not equal to

>

is greater than

>=

is greater than or equal to

is less than is less than or equal to and

And with the relationship

or

or or relationship

4. Appropriate, it is a set of keywords plus ::double colon to indicate a node or a group of nodes related to the current node.

Use the syntax: axisname::nodetest[predicate], that is, axis name::node name[get the node condition] The specific instructions are as follows:

Keywords

Xml文件中目前節點之後的所有節點 ##Xml

Description	Example	Example description	ancestor	The parent node of the current node	ancestor::pig	The ancestor of the current node pignode in node
ancestor-or-self	The current node and its parent node	ancestor::pig
attribute	All attributes of the current node	attribute::weight	is equivalent to @weight, attribute:: and @ are equivalent
child	all byte points of the current node	child: :*[name()!='price']	Select the child node whose name is not price
descendant	Descendant nodes	descendant::*[@*]	Descendant nodes with attributes
descendant -or-self	Descendant nodes and current node	descendant-or-self::*
#	#following	##following
	following::* ######################## #### #######################following-sibling######################## #########目前節點的同父弟弟節點######	following-sibling::
#preceding
文件中目前節點之前的所有節點	preceding::* ######### ############################namespace################################namespace################### ######################選取目前節點的所有命名空間節點################### ####	namespace::*	#
parent	#目前節點的父節點	parent: :	#相當於雙點..
#preceding-sibling ###################### ###	目前節點之後的同父兄節點	preceding-sibling::*
self	目前節點	#self::*	#相當於單點.

5. 常用的XPath函数介绍：

在XPath表达式中常用的函数有下面两个：

position() 表示节点的序号例如 //cat[position() = 2] 表示取序号为2的dog节点
last() 表示取最后一个节点 //cat[last()] 
name() 表示当前节点名字 /pets/*[name() != 'pig'] 表示/pets下名字不是pig的子节点

XPath的函数还有很多，包括字符串函数，数字函数和时间函数等，具体可以参考w3的网站。

以上是XPath的语法，下面我们看下如何在.Net中使用XPath

在.Net中可以通过XPathDocument或者XmlDocument类使用XPath。XPathDocument是只读的方式定位Xml节点或者属性文本等，而XmlDocument则是可读写的。

如下代码示例展示了如何使用XPathDocument和XmlDocument。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml.XPath;
using System.Xml;

namespace UseXPathDotNet
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            UseXPathWithXPathDocument();

            UseXPathWithXmlDocument();

            Console.Read();
        }

        static void UseXPathWithXmlDocument()
        {
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.Load("http://www.cnblogs.com/yukaizhao/rss");
            //使用xPath选择需要的节点
            XmlNodeList nodes = doc.SelectNodes("/rss/channel/item[position()<=10]");
            foreach (XmlNode item in nodes)
            {
                string title = item.SelectSingleNode("title").InnerText;
                string url = item.SelectSingleNode("link").InnerText;
                Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", title, url);
            }
        }

        static void UseXPathWithXPathDocument()
        {
            XPathDocument doc = new XPathDocument("http://www.cnblogs.com/yukaizhao/rss");
            XPathNavigator xPathNav = doc.CreateNavigator();
            //使用xPath取rss中最新的10条随笔
            XPathNodeIterator nodeIterator = xPathNav.Select("/rss/channel/item[position()<=10]");
            while (nodeIterator.MoveNext())
            {
                XPathNavigator itemNav = nodeIterator.Current;
                string title = itemNav.SelectSingleNode("title").Value;
                string url = itemNav.SelectSingleNode("link").Value;
                Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}",title,url);
            }

        }
    }
}

XPath使用示例，请看下面的代码注释　

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml;

namespace UseXPath1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string xml = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8"" ?>
<pets>
  <cat color=""black"" weight=""10"" count=""4"">
    <price>100</price>
    <desc>this is a black cat</desc>
  </cat>
  <cat color=""white"" weight=""9"" count=""5"">
    <price>80</price>
    <desc>this is a white cat</desc>
  </cat>
  <cat color=""yellow"" weight=""15"" count=""1"">
    <price>110</price>
    <desc>this is a yellow cat</desc>
  </cat>


  <dog color=""black"" weight=""10"" count=""7"">
    <price>114</price>
    <desc>this is a black dog</desc>
  </dog>
  <dog color=""white"" weight=""9"" count=""4"">
    <price>80</price>
    <desc>this is a white dog</desc>
  </dog>
  <dog color=""yellow"" weight=""15"" count=""15"">
    <price>80</price>
    <desc>this is a yellow dog</desc>
  </dog>

    <pig color=""white"" weight=""100"" count=""2"">
    <price>8000</price>
    <desc>this is a white pig</desc>    
    </pig>
</pets>";

            using (StringReader rdr = new StringReader(xml))
            {
                XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
                doc.Load(rdr);

                //取所有pets节点下的dog字节点
                XmlNodeList nodeListAllDog = doc.SelectNodes("/pets/dog");

                //所有的price节点
                XmlNodeList allPriceNodes = doc.SelectNodes("//price");

                //取最后一个price节点
                XmlNode lastPriceNode = doc.SelectSingleNode("//price[last()]");

                //用双点号取price节点的父节点
                XmlNode lastPriceParentNode = lastPriceNode.SelectSingleNode("..");

                //选择weight*count=40的所有动物，使用通配符*
                XmlNodeList nodeList = doc.SelectNodes("/pets/*[@weight*@count=40]");

                //选择除了pig之外的所有动物,使用name()函数返回节点名字
                XmlNodeList animalsExceptPigNodes = doc.SelectNodes("/pets/*[name() != &#39;pig&#39;]");
               

                //选择价格大于100而不是pig的动物
                XmlNodeList priceGreaterThan100s = doc.SelectNodes("/pets/*[price p @weight >10 and name() != &#39;pig&#39;]");
                foreach (XmlNode item in priceGreaterThan100s)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(item.OuterXml);
                }

                //选择第二个dog节点
                XmlNode theSecondDogNode = doc.SelectSingleNode("//dog[position() = 2]");

                //使用xpath ，axes 的 parent 取父节点
                XmlNode parentNode = theSecondDogNode.SelectSingleNode("parent::*");

                //使用xPath选择第二个dog节点前面的所有dog节点
                XmlNodeList dogPresibling = theSecondDogNode.SelectNodes("preceding::dog");

                //取文档的所有子孙节点price
                XmlNodeList childrenNodes = doc.SelectNodes("descendant::price");
            }

            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}

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