MySQL Utilities is a set of command line utility tools based on the python library written in Python language, and relies on python 2.6. This tool provides some tools commonly used in MySQL database operation and maintenance projects, such as cloning, copying, comparison, difference, export, import, installation, configuration, indexing, disk viewing, etc. With this tool kit, you can be like those miraculous doctors who can do a test or a CT scan regardless of whether they are serious or minor. You can also be Hua Tuo. MySQL Utilities provides software packages for various platforms. If you do not find the package corresponding to your platform, you can compile and install it through the source code. This article mainly describes the installation of MySQL Utilities and a preliminary description of each working function.
1. MySQL Utilities functions and components
Binary Log Operations(二进制日志操作) mysqlbinlogmove 二进制日志移动 mysqlbinlogpurge 二进制日志清理 mysqlbinlogrotate 二进制日志老化工具 Database Operations(数据库操作) mysqldbexport 数据导出 mysqldbimport 数据导入 mysqldbcopy 库级别数据库复制 mysqldiff 数据库对象级别比较工具 mysqldbcompare 数据库库级别比较工具 General Operations(通用用的操作) mysqldiskusage 磁盘空间查看 mysqlfrm 恢复故障表.frm文件 mysqluserclone 用户克隆工具 mysqluc Utilities帮助工具 mysqlindexcheck 索引检测工具 mysqlmetagrep 元数据过滤器 mysqlprocgrep 进程搜索及清理工具 High Availability Operations(高可用) mysqlreplicate 主从复制工具 mysqlrpladmin 主从复制管理工具 mysqlrplcheck 主从复制检测工具 mysqlrplms 主从多元复制工具 mysqlrplshow 主从复制拓扑图工具 mysqlrplsync 主从复制同步工具 mysqlfailover 主从failover工具 mysqlslavetrx 从库事务跳过工具 Server Operations(服务器操作) mysqlserverinfo 服务器信息查看工具 mysqlserverclone 服务器克隆工具 Specialized Operations(特殊操作) mysqlauditadmin 审计管理工具 mysqlauditgrep 审计日志过滤工具
2. Installation requirements and download address
需求 Python 2.6 MySQL Connector/Python 连接器 下载地址: http://www.php.cn/
3. Installation examples
###本次安装使用1.6.4版本,安装前,需要先安装mysql到python连接器# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.7 (Final) # rpm -Uvh mysql-connector-python-2.1.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm # rpm -Uvh mysql-utilities-1.6.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm ###如果没有安装连接器,则收到如下错误提示 # rpm -Uvh mysql-utilities-1.6.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm warning: mysql-utilities-1.6.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: mysql-connector-python >= 2.0.0 is needed by mysql-utilities-1.6.4-1.el6.noarch###查看安装后生成的文件 # rpm -ql mysql-utilities-1.6.4-1.el6|grep "/usr/bin"/usr/bin/mysqlauditadmin /usr/bin/mysqlauditgrep /usr/bin/mysqlbinlogmove /usr/bin/mysqlbinlogpurge /usr/bin/mysqlbinlogrotate /usr/bin/mysqldbcompare /usr/bin/mysqldbcopy /usr/bin/mysqldbexport /usr/bin/mysqldbimport /usr/bin/mysqldiff /usr/bin/mysqldiskusage /usr/bin/mysqlfailover /usr/bin/mysqlfrm /usr/bin/mysqlgrants /usr/bin/mysqlindexcheck /usr/bin/mysqlmetagrep /usr/bin/mysqlprocgrep /usr/bin/mysqlreplicate /usr/bin/mysqlrpladmin /usr/bin/mysqlrplcheck /usr/bin/mysqlrplms /usr/bin/mysqlrplshow /usr/bin/mysqlrplsync /usr/bin/mysqlserverclone /usr/bin/mysqlserverinfo /usr/bin/mysqlslavetrx /usr/bin/mysqluc /usr/bin/mysqluserclone
4. Get help
1. Get help through mysqluc
You can get help information for these tools by calling the mysqluc command line tool
mysqluc provides a built-in command Line prompt window,
You can also complete corresponding command operations in this window [root@node1 ~]# mysqlucLaunching console ...
Welcome to the MySQL Utilities Client (mysqluc) version 1.6.4Copyright (c) 2010, 2016 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This is a release of dual licensed MySQL Utilities. For the avoidance ofdoubt, this particular copy of the software is released under the version 2 of the GNU General Public License. MySQL Utilities is brought to you by Oracle. Type 'help' for a list of commands or press TAB twice for list of utilities. mysqluc> help Command Description ---------------------- ---------------------------------------------------help utilities Display list of all utilities supported. help <utility> Display help for a specific utility. show errors Display errors captured during the execution of the utilities. clear errors clear captured errors. show last error Display the last error captured during the execution of the utilities help | help commands Show this list. exit | quit Exit the console. set <variable>=<value> Store a variable for recall in commands. show options Display list of options specified by the user on launch. show variables Display list of variables. <ENTER> Press ENTER to execute command. <ESCAPE> Press ESCAPE to clear the command entry. <DOWN> Press DOWN to retrieve the previous command. <UP> Press UP to retrieve the next command in history. <TAB> Press TAB for type completion of utility, option, or variable names. <TAB><TAB> Press TAB twice for list of matching type completion (context sensitive). ###查看utilities包中所有的命令行工具mysqluc> help utilities Utility Description ----------------- --------------------------------------------------------mysqlauditadmin audit log maintenance utility mysqlauditgrep audit log search utility mysqlbinlogmove binary log relocate utility mysqlbinlogpurge purges unnecessary binary log files mysqlbinlogrotate rotates the active binary log file mysqldbcompare compare databases for consistency mysqldbcopy copy databases from one server to another mysqldbexport export metadata and data from databases mysqldbimport import metadata and data from files mysqldiff compare object definitions among objects where the difference is how db1.obj1 differs from db2.obj2 mysqldiskusage show disk usage for databases mysqlfailover automatic replication health monitoring and failover mysqlfrm show CREATE TABLE from .frm files mysqlgrants display grants per object mysqlindexcheck check for duplicate or redundant indexes mysqlmetagrep search metadata mysqlprocgrep search process information mysqlreplicate establish replication with a master mysqlrpladmin administration utility for MySQL replication mysqlrplcheck check replication mysqlrplms establish multi-source replication mysqlrplshow show slaves attached to a master mysqlrplsync replication synchronization checker utility mysqlserverclone start another instance of a running server mysqlserverinfo show server information mysqlslavetrx skip transactions on slaves mysqluserclone clone a MySQL user account to one or more new users ###也可直接在mysqluc提示符下输入 help command 来获取对应命令的帮助信息,如下mysqluc> help mysqlauditadmin Usage: mysqlauditadmin --server=user:pass@host:port --show-options # Author : Leshami # Blog : http://www.php.cn/mysqlauditadmin - audit log maintenance utility Options: Option Description ------------------------- --------------------------------------------------version show program's version number and exit --help display this help message and exit --license display program's license and exit --server=SERVER connection information for the server in the form: <user>[:<password>]@<host>[:<port>][:<socket>] or <login-path>[:<port>][:<socket>] or <config- path>[<[group]>]. --audit-log-name=LOG_NAME full path and file name for the audit log file. Used for stats and copy options. --show-options display the audit log system variables. --remote-login=RLOGIN user name and host to be used for remote login for copying log files. Format: <user>:<host_or_ip> Password will be prompted. --file-stats display the audit log file statistics. --copy-to=COPY_LOCATION the location to copy the audit log file specified. The path must be locally accessible for the current user. --value=VALUE value used to set variables based on the command specified. See --help for list per command. --ssl-ca=SSL_CA path to a file that contains a list of trusted SSL CAs. --ssl-cert=SSL_CERT name of the SSL certificate file to use for establishing a secure connection. --ssl-key=SSL_KEY name of the SSL key file to use for establishing a secure connection. --ssl=SSL specifies if the server connection requires use of SSL. If an encrypted connection cannot be established, the connection attempt fails. By default 0 (SSL not required). -v, --verbose control how much information is displayed. e.g., -v = verbose, -vv = more verbose, -vvv = debug Available Commands: copy - copy the audit log to a locally accessible path policy - set the audit log policy Values = ALL, NONE, LOGINS, QUERIES, DEFAULT rotate - perform audit log rotation rotate_on_size - set the rotate log size limit for auto rotation Values = 0, 4294967295 2、直接在shell提示符下获取命令帮助###如下示例[root@node1 ~] # mysqlfailover --help|headMySQL Utilities mysqlfailover version 1.6.4 License type: GPLv2 Usage: mysqlfailover --master=root@localhost --discover-slaves-login=root --candidates=root@host123:3306,root@host456:3306 mysqlfailover - automatic replication health monitoring and failover Options: --version show program's version number and exit --help display this help message and exit --license display program's license and exit 3、基于Linux man获取命令帮助###如下示例root@node1 ~] # man mysqlfailoverMYSQLFAILOVER(1) MySQL Utilities MYSQLFAILOVER(1) NAME mysqlfailover - Automatic replication master failover SYNOPSIS mysqlfailover [options]######

MySQLoffersvariousstorageengines,eachsuitedfordifferentusecases:1)InnoDBisidealforapplicationsneedingACIDcomplianceandhighconcurrency,supportingtransactionsandforeignkeys.2)MyISAMisbestforread-heavyworkloads,lackingtransactionsupport.3)Memoryengineis

Common security vulnerabilities in MySQL include SQL injection, weak passwords, improper permission configuration, and unupdated software. 1. SQL injection can be prevented by using preprocessing statements. 2. Weak passwords can be avoided by forcibly using strong password strategies. 3. Improper permission configuration can be resolved through regular review and adjustment of user permissions. 4. Unupdated software can be patched by regularly checking and updating the MySQL version.

Identifying slow queries in MySQL can be achieved by enabling slow query logs and setting thresholds. 1. Enable slow query logs and set thresholds. 2. View and analyze slow query log files, and use tools such as mysqldumpslow or pt-query-digest for in-depth analysis. 3. Optimizing slow queries can be achieved through index optimization, query rewriting and avoiding the use of SELECT*.

To monitor the health and performance of MySQL servers, you should pay attention to system health, performance metrics and query execution. 1) Monitor system health: Use top, htop or SHOWGLOBALSTATUS commands to view CPU, memory, disk I/O and network activities. 2) Track performance indicators: monitor key indicators such as query number per second, average query time and cache hit rate. 3) Ensure query execution optimization: Enable slow query logs, record and optimize queries whose execution time exceeds the set threshold.

The main difference between MySQL and MariaDB is performance, functionality and license: 1. MySQL is developed by Oracle, and MariaDB is its fork. 2. MariaDB may perform better in high load environments. 3.MariaDB provides more storage engines and functions. 4.MySQL adopts a dual license, and MariaDB is completely open source. The existing infrastructure, performance requirements, functional requirements and license costs should be taken into account when choosing.

MySQL uses a GPL license. 1) The GPL license allows the free use, modification and distribution of MySQL, but the modified distribution must comply with GPL. 2) Commercial licenses can avoid public modifications and are suitable for commercial applications that require confidentiality.

The situations when choosing InnoDB instead of MyISAM include: 1) transaction support, 2) high concurrency environment, 3) high data consistency; conversely, the situation when choosing MyISAM includes: 1) mainly read operations, 2) no transaction support is required. InnoDB is suitable for applications that require high data consistency and transaction processing, such as e-commerce platforms, while MyISAM is suitable for read-intensive and transaction-free applications such as blog systems.

In MySQL, the function of foreign keys is to establish the relationship between tables and ensure the consistency and integrity of the data. Foreign keys maintain the effectiveness of data through reference integrity checks and cascading operations. Pay attention to performance optimization and avoid common errors when using them.


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