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js css+html implements a simple calendar
- 高洛峰Original
- 2017-02-06 10:36:222506browse
Calendar display, selection, etc. are used in many places on web pages. This article uses html, css, and javascript to implement a simple calendar. After completion, the effect will be similar to the effect on the left side of the page. You can switch between the previous month and the next month. It can also be expanded according to the actual situation. The
html
html part is relatively simple. It declares a div and the specific html is generated with javascript. The overall content is roughly like this:
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <link rel='stylesheet' href='外部的css文件路径' /> <title>demo</title> </head> <body> <div class='calendar' id='calendar'></div> <script type='text/javascript' src='外部的javascript文件路径'></script> </body> </html>
css
/* 整体设置 */
*{margin:0px;padding:0px;}
/**
* 设置日历的大小
*/
.calendar{
width: 240px;
height: 400px;
display: block;
}
/**
* 设置日历顶部盒子
*/
.calendar .calendar-title-box{
position: relative;
width: 100%;
height: 36px;
line-height: 36px;
text-align:center;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}
/**
* 设置上个月的按钮图标
*/
.calendar .prev-month {
position: absolute;
top: 12px;
left: 0px;
display: inline-block;
width: 0px;
height: 0px;
border-left: 0px;
border-top: 6px solid transparent;
border-right: 8px solid #999;
border-bottom: 6px solid transparent;
cursor: pointer;
}
/**
* 设置下个月的按钮图标
*/
.calendar .next-month {
position: absolute;
top: 12px;
right: 0px;
display: inline-block;
width: 0px;
height: 0px;
border-right: 0px;
border-top: 6px solid transparent;
border-left: 8px solid #999;
border-bottom: 6px solid transparent;
cursor: pointer;
}
/* 设置日历表格样式 */
.calendar-table{
width: 100%;
border-collapse: collapse;
text-align:center;
}
/* 表格行高 */
.calendar-table tr{
height: 30px;
line-height: 30px;
}
/* 当前天 颜色特殊显示 */
.currentDay {
color: red;
}
/* 本月 文字颜色 */
.currentMonth {
color: #999;
}
/* 其他月颜色 */
.otherMonth{
color: #ede;
}There is basically nothing to say about style settings, just some simple settings. For example, the special icons representing "last month" and "next month" are absolutely positioned and styled using the border attribute in CSS.
javascript Date Object
Before starting the formal js code, you need to first understand the Date object in js. Through the Date object, you can obtain information such as year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and timestamp
var d1 = new Date(); // 获取当前系统时间 我现在的时间是 2016年4月25日 星期一 d1.getFullYear(); // 获取年信息， 2016 d1.getMonth(); // 获取月信息（从0开始 范围：0-11） 3 d1.getDate(); // 获取天信息 此处结果：25 d1.getDay(); // 获取星期信息 （0-6） 此处结果： 1
You can also directly set the year, month and day information during initialization
# 设置 2016年3月15日 var d2 = new Date(2016, 2, 15); // 月是从0开始计数， 需要减一 d2.getFullYear(); // 2016 d2.getMonth(); // 2 d2.getDate(); // 15 d2.toLocaleDateString(); // "2016/3/15" 证明设置正确
The calendar will involve issues such as how many days in each month, which is very simple in js. If you set When the year, month and day exceed the current month, js will automatically calculate it as the next month. For example, April only has 30 days. If it is set to 31st, the obtained Date type will automatically be calculated as May 1st; if it is set to 5 On the 0th day of the month, js will process it as April 30th, so May-1st is April 29th
var d3 = new Date(2016, 3, 30); d3.toLocaleDateString(); // "2016/4/30" var d4 = new Date(2016, 3, 31); d4.toLocaleDateString(); // "2016/5/1" var d5 = new Date(2016, 3, 33); d5.toLocaleDateString(); // "2016/5/3" var d6 = new Date(2016, 4, 1); d6.toLocaleDateString(); // "2016/5/1" var d7 = new Date(2016, 4, 0); d7.toLocaleDateString(); // "2016/4/30" var d8 = new Date(2016, 4, -3); d8.toLocaleDateString(); // "2016/4/27"
javascript
After understanding the basic usage of the Date object in js, the next step is the code The implementation part is complete. The overall idea is as follows: define a global dateObj variable to record the year and month information that needs to be displayed in the table. The content in the title is taken from dateObj, and the date in the table is obtained from dateObj. All the information of the 1st corresponding to the year and month can be determined, and the position of the 1st in the first row of the table can be determined, and the last month can be calculated backwards. Data for several days, data for this month and next month are being pushed.
Specific steps:
1. Declare the dateObj variable and assign the initial value to the current system time
2. Render the html element in the calendar div
3. Get the information on the 1st of the month through dateObj, and Use this to traverse all the dates in the table
4. Bind events to the icons of the previous month and the next month
(function(){
/*
* 用于记录日期，显示的时候，根据dateObj中的日期的年月显示
*/
var dateObj = (function(){
var _date = new Date(); // 默认为当前系统时间
return {
getDate : function(){
return _date;
},
setDate : function(date) {
_date = date;
}
};
})();
// 设置calendar div中的html部分
renderHtml();
// 表格中显示日期
showCalendarData();
// 绑定事件
bindEvent();
/**
* 渲染html结构
*/
function renderHtml() {
var calendar = document.getElementById("calendar");
var titleBox = document.createElement("div"); // 标题盒子 设置上一月 下一月 标题
var bodyBox = document.createElement("div"); // 表格区 显示数据
// 设置标题盒子中的html
titleBox.className = 'calendar-title-box';
titleBox.innerHTML = "<span class='prev-month' id='prevMonth'></span>" +
"<span class='calendar-title' id='calendarTitle'></span>" +
"<span id='nextMonth' class='next-month'></span>";
calendar.appendChild(titleBox); // 添加到calendar div中
// 设置表格区的html结构
bodyBox.className = 'calendar-body-box';
var _headHtml = "<tr>" +
"<th>日</th>" +
"<th>一</th>" +
"<th>二</th>" +
"<th>三</th>" +
"<th>四</th>" +
"<th>五</th>" +
"<th>六</th>" +
"</tr>";
var _bodyHtml = "";
// 一个月最多31天，所以一个月最多占6行表格
for(var i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
_bodyHtml += "<tr>" +
"<td></td>" +
"<td></td>" +
"<td></td>" +
"<td></td>" +
"<td></td>" +
"<td></td>" +
"<td></td>" +
"</tr>";
}
bodyBox.innerHTML = "<table id='calendarTable' class='calendar-table'>" +
_headHtml + _bodyHtml +
"</table>";
// 添加到calendar div中
calendar.appendChild(bodyBox);
}
/**
* 表格中显示数据，并设置类名
*/
function showCalendarData() {
var _year = dateObj.getDate().getFullYear();
var _month = dateObj.getDate().getMonth() + 1;
var _dateStr = getDateStr(dateObj.getDate());
// 设置顶部标题栏中的 年、月信息
var calendarTitle = document.getElementById("calendarTitle");
var titleStr = _dateStr.substr(0, 4) + "年" + _dateStr.substr(4,2) + "月";
calendarTitle.innerText = titleStr;
// 设置表格中的日期数据
var _table = document.getElementById("calendarTable");
var _tds = _table.getElementsByTagName("td");
var _firstDay = new Date(_year, _month - 1, 1); // 当前月第一天
for(var i = 0; i < _tds.length; i++) {
var _thisDay = new Date(_year, _month - 1, i + 1 - _firstDay.getDay());
var _thisDayStr = getDateStr(_thisDay);
_tds[i].innerText = _thisDay.getDate();
//_tds[i].data = _thisDayStr;
_tds[i].setAttribute('data', _thisDayStr);
if(_thisDayStr == getDateStr(new Date())) { // 当前天
_tds[i].className = 'currentDay';
}else if(_thisDayStr.substr(0, 6) == getDateStr(_firstDay).substr(0, 6)) {
_tds[i].className = 'currentMonth'; // 当前月
}else { // 其他月
_tds[i].className = 'otherMonth';
}
}
}
/**
* 绑定上个月下个月事件
*/
function bindEvent() {
var prevMonth = document.getElementById("prevMonth");
var nextMonth = document.getElementById("nextMonth");
addEvent(prevMonth, 'click', toPrevMonth);
addEvent(nextMonth, 'click', toNextMonth);
}
/**
* 绑定事件
*/
function addEvent(dom, eType, func) {
if(dom.addEventListener) { // DOM 2.0
dom.addEventListener(eType, function(e){
func(e);
});
} else if(dom.attachEvent){ // IE5+
dom.attachEvent('on' + eType, function(e){
func(e);
});
} else { // DOM 0
dom['on' + eType] = function(e) {
func(e);
}
}
}
/**
* 点击上个月图标触发
*/
function toPrevMonth() {
var date = dateObj.getDate();
dateObj.setDate(new Date(date.getFullYear(), date.getMonth() - 1, 1));
showCalendarData();
}
/**
* 点击下个月图标触发
*/
function toNextMonth() {
var date = dateObj.getDate();
dateObj.setDate(new Date(date.getFullYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1));
showCalendarData();
}
/**
* 日期转化为字符串， 4位年+2位月+2位日
*/
function getDateStr(date) {
var _year = date.getFullYear();
var _month = date.getMonth() + 1; // 月从0开始计数
var _d = date.getDate();
_month = (_month > 9) ? ("" + _month) : ("0" + _month);
_d = (_d > 9) ? ("" + _d) : ("0" + _d);
return _year + _month + _d;
}
})();
In this example, the click on the date in the table is not added event, you can add the following code in the bindEvent function to obtain the information of the clicked date
var table = document.getElementById("calendarTable");
var tds = table.getElementsByTagName('td');
for(var i = 0; i < tds.length; i++) {
addEvent(tds[i], 'click', function(e){
console.log(e.target.getAttribute('data'));
});
}
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