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Examples to explain the operation method of array Array in JS

高洛峰
高洛峰Original
2017-02-06 10:15:35924browse

The addition and deletion of js array elements has always been confusing. Today I finally found detailed information. Let me give you the code for testing first^-^

var arr = new Array();
arr[0] = "aaa";
arr[1] = "bbb";
arr[2] = "ccc";
//alert(arr.length);//3
arr.pop();
//alert(arr.length);//2
//alert(arr[arr.length-1]);//bbb
arr.pop();
//alert(arr[arr.length-1]);//aaa
//alert(arr.length);//1

var arr2 = new Array();
//alert(arr2.length);//0
arr2[0] = "aaa";
arr2[1] = "bbb";
//alert(arr2.length);//2
arr2.pop();
//alert(arr2.length);//1
arr2 = arr2.slice(0,arr2.length-1);
//alert(arr2.length);//0
arr2[0] = "aaa";
arr2[1] = "bbb";
arr2[2] = "ccc";
arr2 = arr2.slice(0,1);
alert(arr2.length);//1
alert(arr2[0]);//aaa
alert(arr2[1]);//undefined
shift:删除原数组第一项,并返回删除元素的值;如果数组为空则返回undefined
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = a.shift(); //a:[2,3,4,5]   b:1
unshift:将参数添加到原数组开头,并返回数组的长度
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = a.unshift(-2,-1); //a:[-2,-1,1,2,3,4,5]   b:7
注:在IE6.0下测试返回值总为undefined,FF2.0下测试返回值为7,所以这个方法的返回值不可靠,需要用返回值时可用splice代替本方法来使用。
pop:删除原数组最后一项,并返回删除元素的值;如果数组为空则返回undefined
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = a.pop(); //a:[1,2,3,4]   b:5//不用返回的话直接调用就可以了
push:将参数添加到原数组末尾,并返回数组的长度
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = a.push(6,7); //a:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]   b:7
concat:返回一个新数组,是将参数添加到原数组中构成的
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = a.concat(6,7); //a:[1,2,3,4,5]   b:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
splice(start,deleteCount,val1,val2,...):从start位置开始删除deleteCount项,并从该位置起插入val1,val2,...
在清空数组时,只需传递startIndex。
如果不删除所有元素,再传递deleteCount参数。
splice还具有先删除后添加的功能,即先删除几个元素,然后在删除的位置再添加若干元素,删除与添加的元素的个数没有必须相等,这时侯deleteCount也是要用到的。
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = a.splice(2,2,7,8,9); //a:[1,2,7,8,9,5]   b:[3,4]
var b = a.splice(0,1); //同shift
a.splice(0,0,-2,-1); var b = a.length;//同unshift
var b = a.splice(a.length-1,1);//同pop
a.splice(a.length,0,6,7); var b = a.length; //同push
reverse:将数组反序
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = a.reverse(); //a:[5,4,3,2,1]   b:[5,4,3,2,1]
sort(orderfunction):按指定的参数对数组进行排序
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = a.sort(); //a:[1,2,3,4,5]   b:[1,2,3,4,5]
slice(start,end):返回从原数组中指定开始下标到结束下标之间的项组成的新数组
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = a.slice(2,5); //a:[1,2,3,4,5]   b:[3,4,5]
join(separator):将数组的元素组起一个字符串,以separator为分隔符,省略的话则用默认用逗号为分隔符
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = a.join("|"); //a:[1,2,3,4,5]   b:"1|2|3|4|5"
再给个利用数组模拟javaStringBuffer处理字符串的方法:
/**
* 字符串处理函数
*/
function StringBuffer() {
var arr = new Array;
this.append = function(str) {
    arr[arr.length] = str;
};
this.toString = function() {
    return arr.join("");//把append进来的数组ping成一个字符串
};
}
今天在应用中突然发现join是一种把数组转换成字符串的好方法,故封装成对象使用了:
/**
*把数组转换成特定符号分割的字符串
*/
function arrayToString(arr,separator) {
if(!separator) separator = "";//separator为null则默认为空
    return arr.join(separator);
}
/**
* 查找数组包含的字符串
*/
function arrayFindString(arr,string) {
var str = arr.join("");
    return str.indexOf(string);
}

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