modules in python

Module: As the program becomes larger and larger, it needs to be divided into multiple files for ease of maintenance. For this reason, python allows the definition to be put into a file and then imported as a module in other scripts

Create a module: Put the relevant statements and definitions into a file with the same name as the module

#file:module.py  
def numValue(a,b):  
    q = a/b  
    r = a-q*b  
    return (q,r);

To use the module in other programs, you can use the import statement:

import module;  
a,b = module.numValue(64,8);  
print(a,b);

Output result:
8.0 0.0
The import statement creates a new namespace and executes all statements related to the .py file in that namespace. To access the contents of the namespace after import just use the name of the module. As a prefix, it can be like: module.numValue

If you want to use a different name to import the module, you can add the optional as qualifier to the import statement

import module as fun;  
a,b = fun.numValue(18,2);  
print(a,b);

Output result:
9.0 0.0
To import specific definitions into the current namespace, you can also use the following statement:

from module import numValue;  
a,b = numValue(32,2);  
print(a,b);

Output result:
16.0 0.0

To import the module All content is loaded into the current namespace and can also be used:

from module import *;  
a,b = numValue(32,2);

Like objects, the dir() function can be used to list the contents of the module

import module;  
print(dir(module));

Output results:
['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'numValue']

How to get help?
We have already touched on __doc__ Get the documentation in the documentation. When running python in interactive mode, you can use the help() command to get information about built-in modules and other aspects of python. Enter help() alone to get general information and enter help. ('moduleName'), you can get the information of the specific module. If you provide the function name, the help() command can also return the detailed information of the function.
Summary:
1. The concept of module in python: save the definition of the function. , and then import and use it in other scripts;
2. Define the module: The file that saves the function definition should be consistent with the module name
3. Import the module: Use the import statement to import. If you want to use a different name to import the module, you can use as Qualifier
For example: import module as fun;

If you want to omit the prefix when calling the function in the module, you can use from module import fun to import the specific definition of the function

If you want To load all definitions in the module, use from module import *

4, list all attributes and methods in the module: dir(module)
5, use help: Use of help() method~

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