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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialDetailed explanation of use keyword and file loading in PHP

前言

可能在大家经常使用框架,写一个Controller或者Model的时候,写了好多use,但是并没有写文件加载的代码,就以为use可以进行文件的自动加载了。

详细介绍

其实,现在流行的php框架,都是基于MVC模式的,大量的使用了命名空间,以提高程序的灵活性。那么框架是怎么实现将use关键字所声明的类库对应的脚本文件进行加载的那?

(1):在通过use关键字进行声明类库的声明的时候,并不会进行脚本的加载,而是在脚本文件真正使用到所对应的类库的时候才会进行加载(这就是所谓延迟加载)。

(2):框架一般在初始化阶段,就声明了__autoload()函数或者是spl_autoload_register()函数(一般会在入口文件中进行声明)。在调用通过use声明的类库的时候,会自动的调用上述的函数,将调用的类库名称传递到函数中(这里的类库名称是包括命名空间的全名称)

<?php
namespace Home\Controller;
function __autoload($class_name) { 
 //echo $class_name."<br/>"; 
 require_once ("./".$class_name . ".php");  
}
use Admin\Controller\Index;
new Index; //new Index会触发__autoload()函数,返回Admin\Controller\Index到函数中
?>

(3):框架中定义的__autoload()函数或者是spl_autoload_register()函数在接收到传递过来的类库名称以后,框架会对名称进行处理,分析出类库名称所对应的文件路径,然后进行文件的加载。这里需要注意的是,不同的框架在解析类库名称,分析文件路径的方式是各不一致的,毕竟各自的目录结构是不一样的。

比如说,thinkphp:

/**
 * 类库自动加载
 * @param string $class 对象类名
 * @return void
 */
public static function autoload($class) {
 // 检查是否存在映射
 if(isset(self::$_map[$class])) {
  include self::$_map[$class];
 }elseif(false !== strpos($class,&#39;\\&#39;)){
  $name   = strstr($class, &#39;\\&#39;, true);
  if(in_array($name,array(&#39;Think&#39;,&#39;Org&#39;,&#39;Behavior&#39;,&#39;Com&#39;,&#39;Vendor&#39;)) || is_dir(LIB_PATH.$name)){ 
   // Library目录下面的命名空间自动定位
   $path  = LIB_PATH;
  }else{
   // 检测自定义命名空间 否则就以模块为命名空间
   $namespace = C(&#39;AUTOLOAD_NAMESPACE&#39;);
   $path  = isset($namespace[$name])? dirname($namespace[$name]).&#39;/&#39; : APP_PATH;
  }
  $filename  = $path . str_replace(&#39;\\&#39;, &#39;/&#39;, $class) . EXT;
  if(is_file($filename)) {
   // Win环境下面严格区分大小写
   if (IS_WIN && false === strpos(str_replace(&#39;/&#39;, &#39;\\&#39;, realpath($filename)), $class . EXT)){
    return ;
   }
   include $filename;
  }
 }elseif (!C(&#39;APP_USE_NAMESPACE&#39;)) {
  // 自动加载的类库层
  foreach(explode(&#39;,&#39;,C(&#39;APP_AUTOLOAD_LAYER&#39;)) as $layer){
   if(substr($class,-strlen($layer))==$layer){
    if(require_cache(MODULE_PATH.$layer.&#39;/&#39;.$class.EXT)) {
     return ;
    }
   }   
  }
  // 根据自动加载路径设置进行尝试搜索
  foreach (explode(&#39;,&#39;,C(&#39;APP_AUTOLOAD_PATH&#39;)) as $path){
   if(import($path.&#39;.&#39;.$class))
    // 如果加载类成功则返回
    return ;
  }
 }
}

这里只是举例说明use与文件的自动加载没有关系,不强调各个框架是具体怎么完成自动加载,具体的可以自己看框架代码进行研究。

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流。

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