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Introduction
1. Terms related to XML documents
2. Terms related to DTD
Introduction
The most troublesome thing for beginners to learn XML is that there are a lot of new terminology concepts. understand. Since XML itself is also a brand-new technology, it is constantly developing and changing. Organizations and major network companies (Microsoft, IBM, SUN, etc.) are constantly introducing their own insights and standards, so it is not surprising that new concepts are flying everywhere. . There is no authoritative institution or organization in China to officially name these terms. Most of the Chinese textbooks you see about XML are translated based on the author's own understanding. Some are correct and some are wrong, which further hinders the development of XML. Our understanding and learning of these concepts.
The explanation of XML terms you will see below is also the author’s own understanding and translation. Ajie is based on the XML1.0 standard specification released by the W3C organization and related official documentation. It can be ensured that these understandings are basically correct, at least not wrong. If you want to read and understand further, I have listed the sources and links to relevant resources at the end of this article, which you can access directly. Okay, let’s get to the point:
1. Terms related to XML documents
What is an XML document? You know the HTML source code file? An XML document is an XML source code file written with XML tags. XML documents are also ASCII plain text files that you can create and modify using Notepad. The suffix name of XML documents is .XML, for example, myfile.xml. You can also directly open the .xml file using IE5.0 or above browsers, but what you see is the "XML original code" and the page content will not be displayed. You can try saving the following code as myfile.xml:
XML document contains three parts:
1. An XML document declaration;
2. A definition of the document type;
3. Content created with XML tags.
Example:
QUICK START OF XML The line is the declaration of an XML document. The second line indicates that this document uses filelist.dtd to define the document type. The following line is the main part of the content.
Let’s learn about the relevant terms in XML documents:
1.Element (element):
We already know something about elements in HTML. It is the smallest unit that makes up an HTML document, and it is the same in XML. An element is defined by a tag, including the start and end tags and the content inside, like this:
The only difference is: in HTML, the tag is fixed, while in In XML, tags need to be created yourself.
2.Tag (logo)
Tag is used to define elements. In XML, tags must appear in pairs, surrounding the data. The name of the identifier is the same as the name of the element. For example, such an element:
where
3.Attribute:
What is an attribute? Look at this HTML code:word. Among them, color is one of the attributes of font.
Attributes are further descriptions and explanations of the logo. A logo can have multiple attributes, such as the font attribute and size. Attributes in XML are the same as attributes in HTML. Each attribute has its own name and value. The attribute is part of the identifier. Example:
Attributes in XML are also defined by yourself. We recommend that you try not to use attributes and change attributes into sub-elements. For example, the above code can Change it to this:
The reason is that attributes are not easy to expand and be manipulated by programs.
4.Declaration
In the first line of all XML documents there is an XML declaration. This declaration indicates that this document is an XML document and which XML version specification it follows. An XML declaration statement looks like this:
5.DTD (Document Type Definition)
DTD is used to define elements, attributes and elements in XML documents relationship between.
You can check whether the structure of the XML document is correct through the DTD file. But creating an XML document does not necessarily require a DTD file. Detailed descriptions of DTD files will be listed separately below.
6.Well-formed XML (well-formed XML)
A document that abides by XML syntax rules and adheres to XML specifications is called "well-formed". If all your markup strictly adheres to the XML specification, then your XML document does not necessarily need a DTD file to define it.
A well-formed document must start with an XML declaration, for example:
where you must state that the document adheres to The XML version is currently 1.0; secondly, it indicates that the document is "independent", and it does not require a DTD file to verify whether the identification in it is valid; thirdly, it is necessary to indicate the language encoding used in the document. The default is UTF-8. If you use Chinese, you need to set it to GB2312.
A well-formatted XML document must have a root element, which is the first element created immediately after the declaration. Other elements are child elements of this root element and belong to a group of root elements.
The content of a well-formed XML document must comply with XML syntax when written. (We will explain XML syntax in detail in the next chapter)
7. Valid XML (valid XML)
An XML document that abides by XML syntax rules and complies with the corresponding DTD file specifications is called a valid XML document. Note that we compare "Well-formed XML" and "Valid
XML". The biggest difference between them is that one fully complies with the XML specification and the other has its own "Document Type Definition (DTD)".
The process of comparing and analyzing an XML document with its DTD file to see if it complies with DTD rules is called validation. This process is usually handled by a software called parser.
A valid XML document must also start with an XML declaration, for example:
Different from the above example, In the standalone (independent) attribute, "no" is set here because it must be used with the corresponding DTD. The DTD file is defined as follows:
PUBLIC "dtd- name">
Among them:
"!DOCTYPE" means you want to define a DOCTYPE;
"type-of-doc" is the name of the document type, which is defined by you. It is usually the same as the DTD file name;
Only use one of the two parameters "SYSTEM/PUBLIC". SYSTEM refers to the URL of the private DTD file used by the document, while PUBLIC refers to the URL of the public DTD file used by the document.
"dtd-name" is the URL and name of the DTD file. All DTD files have the suffix ".dtd".
We still use the above example, it should be written like this:

RSS and XML are the core technologies in network content distribution and data exchange. RSS is used to publish frequently updated content, and XML is used to store and transfer data. Development efficiency and performance can be improved through usage examples and best practices in real projects.

XML's role in RSSFeed is to structure data, standardize and provide scalability. 1.XML makes RSSFeed data structured, making it easy to parse and process. 2.XML provides a standardized way to define the format of RSSFeed. 3.XML scalability allows RSSFeed to add new tags and attributes as needed.

When processing XML and RSS data, you can optimize performance through the following steps: 1) Use efficient parsers such as lxml to improve parsing speed; 2) Use SAX parsers to reduce memory usage; 3) Use XPath expressions to improve data extraction efficiency; 4) implement multi-process parallel processing to improve processing speed.

RSS2.0 is an open standard that allows content publishers to distribute content in a structured way. It contains rich metadata such as titles, links, descriptions, release dates, etc., allowing subscribers to quickly browse and access content. The advantages of RSS2.0 are its simplicity and scalability. For example, it allows custom elements, which means developers can add additional information based on their needs, such as authors, categories, etc.

RSS is an XML-based format used to publish frequently updated content. 1. RSSfeed organizes information through XML structure, including title, link, description, etc. 2. Creating RSSfeed requires writing in XML structure, adding metadata such as language and release date. 3. Advanced usage can include multimedia files and classified information. 4. Use XML verification tools during debugging to ensure that the required elements exist and are encoded correctly. 5. Optimizing RSSfeed can be achieved by paging, caching and keeping the structure simple. By understanding and applying this knowledge, content can be effectively managed and distributed.

RSS is an XML-based format used to publish and subscribe to content. The XML structure of an RSS file includes a root element, an element, and multiple elements, each representing a content entry. Read and parse RSS files through XML parser, and users can subscribe and get the latest content.

XML has the advantages of structured data, scalability, cross-platform compatibility and parsing verification in RSS. 1) Structured data ensures consistency and reliability of content; 2) Scalability allows the addition of custom tags to suit content needs; 3) Cross-platform compatibility makes it work seamlessly on different devices; 4) Analytical and verification tools ensure the quality and integrity of the feed.

The implementation of RSS in XML is to organize content through a structured XML format. 1) RSS uses XML as the data exchange format, including elements such as channel information and project list. 2) When generating RSS files, content must be organized according to specifications and published to the server for subscription. 3) RSS files can be subscribed through a reader or plug-in to automatically update the content.


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