前言
网络上各大论坛,尤其是一些图片类型的网站上,在图片加载时均采用了一种名为懒加载的方式,具体表现为,当页面被请求时,只加载可视区域的图片,其它部分的图片则不加载,只有这些图片出现在可视区域时才会动态加载这些图片,从而节约了网络带宽和提高了初次加载的速度,具体实现的技术并不复杂,下面分别对其说明。
Web 图片的懒加载就是通过读取img元素,然后获得img元素的data-src(也可以约定为其他属性名)属性的值,并赋予img的src,从而实现动态加载图片的机制。
这里需要注意的是: img在初始化的时候不要设置src属性,因为即使设置 src='' 浏览器也会尝试加载图片。
一个简单的图片懒加载共涉及两个方面
1. HTML 约定
我们首先需要给准备实施懒加载的img元素添加指定的class 这里为m-lazyload ,同时将img src赋值给 data-src属性。
具体示例为:
<img class="m-lazyload lazy" src="/static/imghwm/default1.png" data-src="imgUrl" data- alt="Javascript method to implement lazy loading of images" >
2. JavaScript 实现
动态加载总共分为以下几个步骤,这里每个步骤都将被拆分为独立的函数
1. 添加页面滚动监听事件
window.addEventListener('scroll', _delay, false); function _delay() { clearTimeout(delay); delay = setTimeout(function () { _loadImage(); }, time); }
2. 当触发监听事件时会执行 _loadImage 函数,该函数负责加载图片
function _loadImage() { for (var i = imgList.length; i--;) { var el = imgList[i]; if (_isShow(el)) { el.src = el.getAttribute('data-src'); el.className = el.className.replace(new RegExp("(\\s|^)" + _selector.substring(1, _selector.length) + "(\\s|$)"), " "); imgList.splice(i, 1); } } }
虽然执行了_loadImage函数,但是我们得知道哪些图片需要被加载,这里的判断依据是什么呢?
依据就是判断该图片是否在当前窗口的可视区域内,在这里我们封装一个_isShow函数来实现
function _isShow(el) { var coords = el.getBoundingClientRect(); return ( (coords.top >= 0 && coords.left >= 0 && coords.top) <= (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight) + parseInt(offset)); }
自此一个图片加载的闭环就形成了
当网页滚动的事件被触发 -> 执行加载图片操作 -> 判断图片是否在可视区域内 -> 在,则动态将data-src的值赋予该图片。
太简单了?
事实就是如此!!!
如此简单,不妨扩展一下
添加一些自定义参数,谁都喜欢自定义,不是吗?
支持iScroll, iScroll是一个高性能,资源占用少,无依赖,多平台的javascript滚动插件。
这里我们做了些优化
图片加载后移除选择器,避免重复判断。
缓存img元素结合,减少dom元素查询性能损耗
扩展prototype添加getNode方法,支持分页数据懒加载(由于我们之前缓存了dom元素)
OK!说了这么多,show me the code 吧!
(function () { var imgList = [], // 页面所有img元素集合 delay, // setTimeout 对象 offset, //偏移量,用于指定图片距离可视区域多少距离,进行加载 time, // 延迟载入时间 _selector; // 选择器 默认为 .m-lazyload function _isShow(el) { var coords = el.getBoundingClientRect(); return ( (coords.top >= 0 && coords.left >= 0 && coords.top) <= (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight) + parseInt(offset)); } function _loadImage() { for (var i = imgList.length; i--;) { var el = imgList[i]; if (_isShow(el)) { el.src = el.getAttribute('data-src'); el.className = el.className.replace(new RegExp("(\\s|^)" + _selector.substring(1, _selector.length) + "(\\s|$)"), " "); imgList.splice(i, 1); } } } function _delay() { clearTimeout(delay); delay = setTimeout(function () { _loadImage(); }, time); } function ImageLazyload(selector, options) { var defaults = options || {}; offset = defaults.offset || 0; time = defaults.time || 250; _selector = selector || '.m-lazyload'; this.getNode(); _delay();//避免首次加载未触发touch事件,主动触发一次加载函数 if (defaults.iScroll) { defaults.iScroll.on('scroll', _delay); defaults.iScroll.on('scrollEnd', _delay); } else { window.addEventListener('scroll', _delay, false); } } ImageLazyload.prototype.getNode = function () { imgList = []; var nodes = document.querySelectorAll(_selector); for (var i = 0, l = nodes.length; i < l; i++) { imgList.push(nodes[i]); } }; })();

JavaScript's application in the real world includes front-end and back-end development. 1) Display front-end applications by building a TODO list application, involving DOM operations and event processing. 2) Build RESTfulAPI through Node.js and Express to demonstrate back-end applications.

The main uses of JavaScript in web development include client interaction, form verification and asynchronous communication. 1) Dynamic content update and user interaction through DOM operations; 2) Client verification is carried out before the user submits data to improve the user experience; 3) Refreshless communication with the server is achieved through AJAX technology.

Understanding how JavaScript engine works internally is important to developers because it helps write more efficient code and understand performance bottlenecks and optimization strategies. 1) The engine's workflow includes three stages: parsing, compiling and execution; 2) During the execution process, the engine will perform dynamic optimization, such as inline cache and hidden classes; 3) Best practices include avoiding global variables, optimizing loops, using const and lets, and avoiding excessive use of closures.

Python is more suitable for beginners, with a smooth learning curve and concise syntax; JavaScript is suitable for front-end development, with a steep learning curve and flexible syntax. 1. Python syntax is intuitive and suitable for data science and back-end development. 2. JavaScript is flexible and widely used in front-end and server-side programming.

Python and JavaScript have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of community, libraries and resources. 1) The Python community is friendly and suitable for beginners, but the front-end development resources are not as rich as JavaScript. 2) Python is powerful in data science and machine learning libraries, while JavaScript is better in front-end development libraries and frameworks. 3) Both have rich learning resources, but Python is suitable for starting with official documents, while JavaScript is better with MDNWebDocs. The choice should be based on project needs and personal interests.

The shift from C/C to JavaScript requires adapting to dynamic typing, garbage collection and asynchronous programming. 1) C/C is a statically typed language that requires manual memory management, while JavaScript is dynamically typed and garbage collection is automatically processed. 2) C/C needs to be compiled into machine code, while JavaScript is an interpreted language. 3) JavaScript introduces concepts such as closures, prototype chains and Promise, which enhances flexibility and asynchronous programming capabilities.

Different JavaScript engines have different effects when parsing and executing JavaScript code, because the implementation principles and optimization strategies of each engine differ. 1. Lexical analysis: convert source code into lexical unit. 2. Grammar analysis: Generate an abstract syntax tree. 3. Optimization and compilation: Generate machine code through the JIT compiler. 4. Execute: Run the machine code. V8 engine optimizes through instant compilation and hidden class, SpiderMonkey uses a type inference system, resulting in different performance performance on the same code.

JavaScript's applications in the real world include server-side programming, mobile application development and Internet of Things control: 1. Server-side programming is realized through Node.js, suitable for high concurrent request processing. 2. Mobile application development is carried out through ReactNative and supports cross-platform deployment. 3. Used for IoT device control through Johnny-Five library, suitable for hardware interaction.


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