一、php中实现自动加载的方法
1.使用require,include,require_once,include_once手工进行加载。
2.使用__autoload来进行自动加载
3.使用spl的autoload来实现自动加载
手工加载的实现:
当需要加载的文件很少的时候我们可以使用第一个来完成。这样做很简单也没问题。
require_once 'a.php';
require_once 'b.php';
require_once 'c.php';
但是当需要加载文件很多的时候这样做还行吗?需要写十个,二十个require_once 或者更多的时候我们该怎么办?
这个时候我们可以使用__autoload方法来简化我们的代码。
__autoload加载的实现:
我们在test目录下创建一个in.php文件,内容如下。
echo '我是test下面的in.php
';
然后在test目录下创建一个loader.php,内容如下。
// 需要重载__autoload方法,自定义包含类文件的路径
function __autoload($classname)
{
$class_file = strtolower($classname).".php";
if (file_exists($class_file)){
require_once($class_file);
}
}
@$test = new in(); // 执行到这里会输出 我是test下面的in.php
没问题,成功了!我们还可以创建其他的文件来进行加载,但是当需要的文件很多需要区分目录的时候怎么办?
这时我们需要修改loader.php可以使用映射来找到要加载的文件。
function __autoload($class_name) {
$map = array(
'index' => './include/index.php',
'in' => './in.php'
);
if (file_exists($map[$class_name]) && isset($map[$class_name])) {
require_once $map[$class_name];
}
}
new index();
这种方法的好处就是类名和文件路径只是用一个映射来维护,所以当文件结构改变的时候,不需要修改类名,只需要将映射中对应的项修改就好了。
但是__autoload在一个项目中只能使用一次,当你的项目引用了别人的一个项目,你的项目中有一个__autoload,别人的项目也有一个__autoload,这样两个__autoload就冲突了.解决的办法就是修改__autoload成为一个,这无疑是非常繁琐的,应用场景单一。
spl的autoload加载实现:
spl的autoload系列函数使用一个autoload调用堆栈,你可以使用spl_autoload_register注册多个自定义的autoload函数,应用场景广泛
•在test目录下建立in.php,内容如下
class in {
public function index() {
echo '我是test下面的in.php';
}
}
?>
在test目录下建立loader.php,内容如下
set_include_path("/var/www/test/"); //这里需要将路径放入include
spl_autoload("in"); //寻找/var/www/test/in.php
$in = new in();
$in->index();
•spl_autoload_register将函数注册到SPL __autoload函数栈中,修改loader.php
function AutoLoad($class){
if($class == 'in'){
require_once("/var/www/test/in.php");
}
}
spl_autoload_register('AutoLoad');
$a = new in();
$a->index();
•spl_autoload_register注册多个自定义的autoload函数的应用
首先在test目录下建立mods文件夹并建立inmod.mod.php内容如下:
class inmod
{
function __construct()
{
echo '我是mods下的in';
}
}
然后在test目录下建立libs文件夹并建立inlib.lib.php内容如下:
class inlib
{
function __construct()
{
echo '我是libs下的in';
}
}
最后在test目录下建立loader.php内容如下
class Loader {
/**
* 自动加载类
* @param $class 类名
*/
public static function mods($class) {
if($class){
set_include_path( "/var/www/test/mods/" );
spl_autoload_extensions( ".mod.php" );
spl_autoload( strtolower($class) );
}
}
public static function libs($class) {
if($class){
set_include_path( "/var/www/test/libs/" );
spl_autoload_extensions( ".lib.php" );
spl_autoload( strtolower($class) );
}
}
}
spl_autoload_register(array('Loader', 'mods'));
spl_autoload_register(array('Loader', 'libs'));
new inmod();//输出我是mods下的in
new inlib();//输出我是libs下的in

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