⚑ 静态变量的声明与使用
⚑ 自定义常量的使用方式
什么是静态变量?
静态变量是指用static声明的变量,这种变量与局部变量的区别是,当静态变量离开了它的作用范围后,它的值不会自动消亡,而是继续存在,当下次再用到它的时候,可以保留最近一次的值。
下面举例:
function add()
{
static $i=0;
$i++;
echo $i;
}
add();
echo " ";
add();
?>
这段程序中,主要定义了一个函数add(),然后分两次调用add()。
如果用局部变量的方式来分工这段代码,两次的输出应该都是1。但实际输出却是1和2。
这是因为,变量i在声明的时候被加上了一个修饰符static,这就标志着i变量在add()函数内部就是一个静态变量了,具备记忆自身值的功能,当第一次调用add时,i由于自加变成了1,这个时候,i就记住自己不再是0,而是1了,当我们再次调用add时,i再一次自加,由1变成了2。由此,我们就可以看出静态变量的特性了。
什么是自定义常量?
所谓自定义常量,就是指用一个字符标识来代表另外一个对象,这个对象可以是一个数值,一个字符串,一个布尔值等等。它的定义与变量有着许多相似之处。只有一点不一样,那就是变量的值在程序运行过程中可以任意更改,而自定义常量一旦定义下来后,在程序运行中就再也不能修改了。
定义方式如下:
define("YEAR","2012");
使用define关键字来将2012这个字符串绑定到YEAR上来,以后在程序当中出现YEAR的地方就用2012来代替。一般情况下,我们定义常量时,常量名都使用大写字母。
例:
define("YEAR","2012");
define("MONTH","12");
define("DATE","21");
define("THING","Doomsday");
echo YEAR."-".MONTH."-".DATE." ".THING;
?>
这段程序中,定义了四个常量,分别是YEAR,MONTH,DATE,THING,它们对应的值分别是2012,12,21,Doomsday,当我们用echo将它们连起来显示时,与变量不同的地方就在于没有使用“$”。
它的运行结果是:2012-12-21 Doomsday。

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