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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP设计模式之代理模式的深入解析_php技巧

代理模式(Proxy),它是对简单处理程序(或指针)的增强,用于引用一个对象:这个指针被代理(Proxy)对象取代,代理对象位于客户端(Client)和真实执行程序之间,指针有一个可被多个目标利用的钩子。

从技术上讲,这种模式在客户端和真实主体(RealSubject)之间插入一个代理对象,维护subject接口和用不同的方式委派它的方法。代理可以透明地做任何事情:懒散创建RealSubject或载入数据,与其它机器交换消息,写时复制策略等。这与HTTP代理有点类似,其客户端(如浏览器)和应用程序依赖于与HTTP服务器的联系,代理在管理连接时可以完成其它任务,如访问控制和缓存大型下载文件。


代理模式的对象图与装饰模式对象图在结构上类似,但表达的目的各有不同,装饰者给对象动态增加行为,而代理则控制来自客户端的访问。此外,代理只在需要时才创建RealSubject。

参与者:
◆客户端(Client):取决于主体(Subject)实现;
◆主体(Subject):RealSubject的抽象;
◆真实主体(RealSubject):完成代价高昂的工作或包含大量的数据;
◆代理(Proxy):为Client提供一个与Subject一致的引用,仅在需要时才创建RealSubject实例或与RealSubject实例通信。

下面是两个被广泛使用的代理模式例子:
1、对象-关系映射(Orms)在运行中创建代理作为实体类的子类,以实现懒散加载(虚拟代理),这个代理会覆盖所有实体方法,在前面追加一个载入程序,在方法被真正调用前不会包含任何数据,Orms代理支持对象间的双向关系,不用加载整个数据库,因为它们被置于当前加载对象图的边界。

2、Java RMI使用远程代理对象(远程代理),当它们的方法被调用时,代理序列化参数,执行网络上的请求,委托调用另一个节点上的真实对象,这种技术允许透明地调用远程对象,不用担心它们是否在同一台机器上,但这种透明度很容易会使执行速度变慢。

下面的代码示例实现了一个ImageProxy,推迟了图像数据的加载。

复制代码 代码如下:

/** 
 * Subject interface. 
 * Client depends only on this abstraction. 
 */
interface Image 

    public function getWidth(); 

    public function getHeight(); 

    public function getPath(); 

    /** 
     * @return string   the image's byte stream 
     */
    public function dump(); 


/** 
 * Abstract class to avoid repetition of boilerplate code in the Proxy 
 * and in the Subject. Only the methods which can be provided without 
 * instancing the RealSubject are present here. 
 */
abstract class AbstractImage implements Image 

    protected $_width; 
    protected $_height; 
    protected $_path; 
    protected $_data; 

    public function getWidth() 
    { 
 return $this->_width; 
    } 

    public function getHeight() 
    { 
 return $this->_height; 
    } 

    public function getPath() 
    { 
 return $this->_path; 
    } 


/** 
 * The RealSubject. Always loads the image, even if no dump of the data 
 * is required. 
 */
class RawImage extends AbstractImage 

    public function __construct($path) 
    { 
 $this->_path = $path; 
 list ($this->_width, $this->_height) = getimagesize($path); 
 $this->_data = file_get_contents($path); 
    } 

    public function dump() 
    { 
 return $this->_data; 
    } 


/** 
 * Proxy. Defers loading the image data until it becomes really mandatory. 
 * This class does its best to postpone the very expensive operations 
 * such as the actual loading of the BLOB. 
 */
class ImageProxy extends AbstractImage 

    public function __construct($path) 
    { 
 $this->_path = $path; 
 list ($this->_width, $this->_height) = getimagesize($path); 
    } 

    /** 
     * Creates a RawImage and exploits its functionalities. 
     */
    protected function _lazyLoad() 
    { 
 if ($this->_realImage === null) { 
     $this->_realImage = new RawImage($this->_path); 
 } 
    } 

    public function dump() 
    { 
 $this->_lazyLoad(); 
 return $this->_realImage->dump(); 
    } 


/** 
 * Client class that does not use the data dump of the image. 
 * Passing blindly a Proxy to this class and to other Clients makes sense 
 * as the data would be loaded anyway when Image::dump() is called. 
 */
class Client 

    public function tag(Image $img) 
    { 
 return '; 
    } 


$path = '/home/giorgio/shared/Immagini/kiki.png'; 
$client = new Client(); 

$image = new RawImage($path); // loading of the BLOB takes place 
echo $client->tag($image), "\n"; 

$proxy = new ImageProxy($path); 
echo $client->tag($proxy), "\n"; // loading does not take place even here

以上代码实现了PHP的代理模式。简单来讲,代理模式就是为其他对象提供一个代理以控制对这个对象的访问。
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