一 算法简介
程序在思路上采用了广度优先算法,对未遍历过的链接逐次发起GET请求,然后对返回来的页面用正则表达式进行解析,取出其中未被发现的新链接,加入集合中,待下一次循环时遍历。
具体实现上使用了Map
二 程序实现
上面相关思路已经说得很清楚了,并且代码中关键地方有注释,因此这里就不多说了,代码如下:
package action; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class WebCrawlerDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { WebCrawlerDemo webCrawlerDemo = new WebCrawlerDemo(); webCrawlerDemo.myPrint("http://www.zifangsky.cn"); } public void myPrint(String baseUrl) { Map oldMap = new LinkedHashMap(); // 存储链接-是否被遍历 // 键值对 String oldLinkHost = ""; //host Pattern p = Pattern.compile("(https?://)?[^/\\s]*"); //比如:http://www.zifangsky.cn Matcher m = p.matcher(baseUrl); if (m.find()) { oldLinkHost = m.group(); } oldMap.put(baseUrl, false); oldMap = crawlLinks(oldLinkHost, oldMap); for (Map.Entry mapping : oldMap.entrySet()) { System.out.println("链接:" + mapping.getKey()); } } /** * 抓取一个网站所有可以抓取的网页链接,在思路上使用了广度优先算法 * 对未遍历过的新链接不断发起GET请求,一直到遍历完整个集合都没能发现新的链接 * 则表示不能发现新的链接了,任务结束 * * @param oldLinkHost 域名,如:http://www.zifangsky.cn * @param oldMap 待遍历的链接集合 * * @return 返回所有抓取到的链接集合 * */ private Map crawlLinks(String oldLinkHost, Map oldMap) { Map newMap = new LinkedHashMap(); String oldLink = ""; for (Map.Entry mapping : oldMap.entrySet()) { System.out.println("link:" + mapping.getKey() + "--------check:" + mapping.getValue()); // 如果没有被遍历过 if (!mapping.getValue()) { oldLink = mapping.getKey(); // 发起GET请求 try { URL url = new URL(oldLink); HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url .openConnection(); connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); connection.setConnectTimeout(2000); connection.setReadTimeout(2000); if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) { InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream(); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8")); String line = ""; Pattern pattern = Pattern .compile("(.+)"); Matcher matcher = null; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { matcher = pattern.matcher(line); if (matcher.find()) { String newLink = matcher.group(1).trim(); // 链接 // String title = matcher.group(3).trim(); //标题 // 判断获取到的链接是否以http开头 if (!newLink.startsWith("http")) { if (newLink.startsWith("/")) newLink = oldLinkHost + newLink; else newLink = oldLinkHost + "/" + newLink; } //去除链接末尾的 / if(newLink.endsWith("/")) newLink = newLink.substring(0, newLink.length() - 1); //去重,并且丢弃其他网站的链接 if (!oldMap.containsKey(newLink) && !newMap.containsKey(newLink) && newLink.startsWith(oldLinkHost)) { // System.out.println("temp2: " + newLink); newMap.put(newLink, false); } } } } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } oldMap.replace(oldLink, false, true); } } //有新链接,继续遍历 if (!newMap.isEmpty()) { oldMap.putAll(newMap); oldMap.putAll(crawlLinks(oldLinkHost, oldMap)); //由于Map的特性,不会导致出现重复的键值对 } return oldMap; } }
三 最后的测试效果

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