折腾VPS的朋友,在安装好LNMP等Web运行环境后都会选择一些缓存扩展安装以提高PHP运行速度,常被人介绍的有eAccelerator、memcached、xcache、Alternative PHP Cache这几个缓存扩展,它们之间有什么区别?分别的作用又是什么?我们如何选择?这是本文给于大家的答案。
1、eAccelerator
eAccelerator是一个自由开放源码PHP加速器,优化和动态内容缓存,提高了PHP脚本的缓存性能,使得PHP脚本在编译的状态下,对服务器的开销几乎完全消除。 它还有对脚本起优化作用,以加快其执行效率。使PHP程序代码执效率能提高1-10倍。从文字上可以理解为:eAccelerator是PHP加速器扩展。
2、memcached
Memcached 是一个高性能的分布式内存对象缓存系统,用于动态Web应用以减轻数据库负载。它通过在内存中缓存数据和对象来减少读取数据库的次数,从而提供动态、数据库驱动网站的速度。从文字上可以理解为:内存缓存扩展,并且针对于集群服务器使用较多,主要用于分布式缓存,算是数据库缓存。
3、Alternative PHP Cache(APC缓存)
Alternative PHP Cache (APC缓存)是一种对PHP有效的开放源高速缓冲储存器工具,他能够缓存Opcode(目标文件)的PHP中间码。 APC的缓存分两部分:系统缓存和用户数据缓存. 系统缓存 是自动使用的,是指APC把PHP文件源码的编译结果缓存起来,然后在再次调用时先对比时间标记。如果未过期,则使用缓存代码运行。默认缓存 3600s(一小时).但是这样仍会浪费大量CPU时间.因此可以在php.ini中设置system缓存为永不过期(apc.ttl=0).不过如果这样设置,改运PHP代码后需要restart一下您的web服务器(比如apache…).目前对APC的性能测试一般指的是这一层cache;从文字上理到:Alternative PHP Cache(APC缓存)也算是一种内存缓存扩展,算是数据库缓存扩展。
4、Xcache
是一个开源的opcode缓存器/优化器, 他能够提高服务器上的PHP性能,他通过把编译PHP后的数据缓冲到共享内存从而避免重复的编译过程, 能够直接使用缓冲区已编译的代码从而提高速度. 通常能够提高您的页面生成速率2到5倍, 降低服务器负载。 其实它与eAccelerator一样是PHP加速器扩展。
以上就是他们的作用与区别,简单一点就是:eAccelerator,xcache是PHP缓存扩展,memcached、APC缓存是数据库缓存扩展,一般两者只有要安装其中一个即可,不要贪多。另外,实际测试中发现当Cache数量超过一定阀值的时候,APC的性能不如Memcache。所以在扩展的选择上,本人一般会选择xcache+memcached这个组合。

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