事情的起源比较简单,我需要把一个导航页的数据整理好写入数据库。一个比较直观的方法是对html文件进行分析,通用的方法是用php的正则表达式来匹配。但是这样做开发和维护都很困难,代码可读性非常差。
导航页的数据都是规则的排列在DOM树当中的,用JS可以用几个循环轻松的对其进行操作,而且JS需要依赖浏览器,操作数据库很困难。其实PHP就有现成的类库对DOM树种的节点进行增删改查操作,在此做一些笔记。
这里涉及到2个类 DOMDocument 和 DOMXPath。
其实思路比较明确,就是通过DOMDocument将一个html file转换成DOM树的数据结构,再用DOMXPath的实例去搜索这个DOM树,拿到想要特定节点,接下来就可以对当前节点的子树进行遍历,得到想要的结果。
在当前目录下有一个这样一个导航的html文件 "./hao.html"
现在需要得到所有标签的中文内容,php代码如下:
//将html/xml文件转换成DOM树
$dom = new DOMDocument();
$dom->loadHTMLFile("hao.html");
//得到所有class为fix的dl标签
// example 1: for everything with an id
//$elements = $xpath->query("//*[@id]");
// example 2: for node data in a selected id
//$elements = $xpath->query("/html/body/div[@id='yourTagIdHere']");
// example 3: same as above with wildcard
//$elements = $xpath->query("*/div[@id='yourTagIdHere']");
$xpath = new DOMXPath($dom);
$dls = $xpath->query('//dl[@class="fix"]');
foreach ($dls as $dl) {
$spans = $dl->childNodes;
foreach ($spans as $span) {
echo trim($span->textContent)."\t";
}
echo "\n";
}
?>
输出结果如下:
注意:值得注意的一点是DOMDocument的默认编码方式是Latin,所以在处理utf编码的中文的时候,需要在后面紧跟着填入
在其他位置,或者是只写上都是不识别的哦

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