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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialUsing Apache's rewrite technology_PHP tutorial

使用Apache的rewrite技术

做PHP项目中需要用到URL重定向技术,基本上的需求就是把比如 /user/heiyeluren 重定向到 /user.php?uid=heiyeluren 之类的URL上,当然,你也可以把 /article/200707291011.html重定向到 /article.php?id=200507291011 之类的,模拟好像是静态页面,能够隐藏URL真实地址,有助于雨鞋基本的安全防范等等。那么好像rewrite是个很好的解决办法。

要在Apache里运行rewrite的话,必须先安装mod_rewrite的组件,就是一个mod_rewrite.c文件,然后必须在./configure的时候要放上mod_rewrite就能安装。
一般配置rewrite的话,可以在httpd.conf里面配置,也能在网页当前目录的.htaccess文件里进行定义来决定重定向去那个文件,那样的话,就非常具有灵活性了,同样也能够适合虚拟主机用户来做。

我们看一个.htaccess文件的例子:


1
2 RewriteEngine On
3 RewriteBase /
4 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f [OR]
5 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d
6 RewriteRule ^.*$ - [S=42]
7
8 #RewriteRule ^share/$ /share.php [QSA,L]
9 RewriteRule ^tag/([^/]+)/?$ /user_tags.php?tag=$1 [QSA,L]
10 RewriteRule ^city/([^/]+)/?$ /user_city.php?tag=$1 [QSA,L]
11 #RewriteRule ^([^/]+)/day/([^/]+)/?$ /user_share.php?id=$1&s=1&selTime=$2 [QSA,L]
12 #RewriteRule ^([^/]+)/day/([^/]+)/?$ /user_share.php?id=$1&s=1&selTime=$2 [QSA,L]
13
14 RewriteRule ^([^/]+)/day/([^/]+)/?$ /user_share.php?id=$1&s=1&selTime=$2 [QSA,L]
15 RewriteRule ^([^/]+)/week/([^/]+)/?$ /user_share.php?id=$1&s=2&selTime=$2 [QSA,L]
16 RewRiteRule ^([^/]+)/month/([^/]+)/?$ /user_share.php?id=$1&s=3&selTime=$2 [QSA,L]
17
18 RewriteRule ^([^/]+)/day/?$ /user_share.php?id=$1&s=1    [QSA,L]
19 RewriteRule ^([^/]+)/week/?$ /user_share.php?id=$1&s=2   [QSA,L]
20 RewriteRule ^([^/]+)/month/?$ /user_share.php?id=$1&s=3  [QSA,L]
21
22 RewriteRule ^([^/]+)/?$ /user_share.php?id=$1    [QSA,L]
23

比较长吧,我们就简单关注一下关键的内容。之间就是定义的内容,RewriteEngine就是确定是否运行URL重写功能,RewriteBase就是基本的路径是什么,最关键的就是下面的RewriteRule,就是我们需要重写的规则了,这里应用了兼容Perl规则的正则表达式:


Text:
  .           匹配任意单个字符
  [chars]     匹配当前字符
  [^chars]    不匹配当前字符
  text1|text2 包含text1或者text2任何一个

Quantifiers:
  ?           零个或者一个?号前的字符
  *           零个或者任意个任意长度的任意字符
  +           一个或者任意个任意长度的字符

Grouping:
  (text)      Grouping of text
              (either to set the borders of an alternative or
              for making backreferences where the Nth group can
              be used on the RHS of a RewriteRule with $N)

Anchors:
  ^           匹配内容开始标记
  $           匹配内容结束标记

Escaping:
  \char       使用\来进行特殊字符的转义,包括".[]()"等字符的转义


基本规则如上,比如下面的正则表达式:^/([^/]+)/~([^/]+)/(.*)$ 就是能够匹配象 /Language/~ Realname/.../File 这样的路径。

那么从这个角度去看上面的内容就比较容易理解了。我们简单看一下RewriteRule指令的规则:
RewriteRule   访问的路径    需要指向的真实路径
这样就很清楚了,比如说我要把/user/heiyeluren重定向到/user.php?uid=heiyeluren那么我的规则就必须这样:
RewriteRule ^user/([^/]+)$  ^/user.php?uid=$2 [QSA,L]

举一反三,就很容易理解规则如何去写,也就能够理解上面规则脚本的内容了。      

没有清楚的,请参考附上的链接,更深入的了解具体内容。写的不好请见谅。


Attachment:
Apache Rewrite technology http://www.yujs.com/recommendation/004.htm
Apache module mod_rewrite http://linux.dalouis.com/doc/apache2.0 /mod/mod_rewrite.html
URL Rewrite Guide http://linux.dalouis.com/doc/apache2.0/misc/rewriteguide.html
Apache HTTP Server 2.0 Version Document http://linux.dalouis .com/doc/apache2.0/

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