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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialphp采用ajax数据提交post与post常见方法总结_php技巧

本文实例讲述了php采用ajax数据提交post与post常见方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体方法如下:

在很多情况下我们使用ajax是不会有什么问题的,但有时会碰到ajax数据提交post不完整的问题,这里举例给大家分析一下。

下边是一个标准的ajax请求代码,正常情况下是不会有任何问题的,但是,在特定情况下就会出现问题,比如,username=fdas&321的时候,或者参数值中出现了&符号,经过了N多遍测试,发现数据都传输了,但是打印出来数据是半截,最后仔细观察头信息发现传输的头不对,问题定位到了js上,发现字符串拼接的方式会造成这种问题username=fdas&321&password=password这样就是错误了的。所以我们需要把传输的数据变成 {username:username,passsword:password}这种json格式即可避免问题!

示例代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:
$(".submit").bind('click',function(){
var username = $("input[name='username']").val();
$.ajax({
url:"post",
type:"post",
dataType:"json",
data:"username="+username+"&password="+password,
timeout:5000,
error:function(){
alert(1)
},
success:function(){
}
})
})

补充:四种常见的 POST 提交数据方式

① application/x-www-form-urlencoded

这应该是最常见的 POST 提交数据的方式了。浏览器的原生 form 表单,如果不设置 enctype 属性,那么最终就会以 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 方式提交数据。请求类似于下面这样(无关的请求头在本文中都省略掉了):

复制代码 代码如下:
POST http://www.jb51.net HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8
 
title=test&sub%5B%5D=1&sub%5B%5D=2&sub%5B%5D=3

首先,Content-Type 被指定为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded;其次,提交的数据按照 key1=val1&key2=val2 的方式进行编码,key 和 val 都进行了 URL 转码。大部分服务端语言都对这种方式有很好的支持。例如 PHP 中,$_POST['title'] 可以获取到 title 的值,$_POST['sub'] 可以得到 sub 数组。

很多时候,我们用 Ajax 提交数据时,也是使用这种方式。例如 JQuery 和 QWrap 的 Ajax,Content-Type 默认值都是「application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8」。

② multipart/form-data

这又是一个常见的 POST 数据提交的方式。我们使用表单上传文件时,必须让 form 的 enctyped 等于这个值。直接来看一个请求示例:

复制代码 代码如下:
POST http://www.jb51.net HTTP/1.1
Content-Type:multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA
 
------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="text"
 
title
------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="chrome.png"
Content-Type: image/png
 
PNG ... content of chrome.png ...
------WebKitFormBoundaryrGKCBY7qhFd3TrwA--

这个例子稍微复杂点。首先生成了一个 boundary 用于分割不同的字段,为了避免与正文内容重复,boundary 很长很复杂。然后 Content-Type 里指明了数据是以 mutipart/form-data 来编码,本次请求的 boundary 是什么内容。消息主体里按照字段个数又分为多个结构类似的部分,每部分都是以 --boundary 开始,紧接着内容描述信息,然后是回车,最后是字段具体内容(文本或二进制)。如果传输的是文件,还要包含文件名和文件类型信息。消息主体最后以 --boundary-- 标示结束。关于 mutipart/form-data 的详细定义,请前往 rfc1867 查看。

这种方式一般用来上传文件,各大服务端语言对它也有着良好的支持。
上面提到的这两种 POST 数据的方式,都是浏览器原生支持的,而且现阶段原生 form 表单也只支持这两种方式。但是随着越来越多的 Web 站点,尤其是 WebApp,全部使用 Ajax 进行数据交互之后,我们完全可以定义新的数据提交方式,给开发带来更多便利。

③ application/json

application/json 这个 Content-Type 作为响应头大家肯定不陌生。实际上,现在越来越多的人把它作为请求头,用来告诉服务端消息主体是序列化后的 JSON 字符串。由于 JSON 规范的流行,除了低版本 IE 之外的各大浏览器都原生支持 JSON.stringify,服务端语言也都有处理 JSON 的函数,使用 JSON 不会遇上什么麻烦。

JSON 格式支持比键值对复杂得多的结构化数据,这一点也很有用。记得我几年前做一个项目时,需要提交的数据层次非常深,我就是把数据 JSON 序列化之后来提交的。不过当时我是把 JSON 字符串作为 val,仍然放在键值对里,以 x-www-form-urlencoded 方式提交。

Google 的 AngularJS 中的 Ajax 功能,默认就是提交 JSON 字符串。例如下面这段代码:

复制代码 代码如下:
var data = {'title':'test', 'sub' : [1,2,3]};
$http.post(url, data).success(function(result) {
...
});

最终发送的请求是:
复制代码 代码如下:
POST http://www.jb51.net HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8
 
{"title":"test","sub":[1,2,3]}

这种方案,可以方便的提交复杂的结构化数据,特别适合 RESTful 的接口。各大抓包工具如 Chrome 自带的开发者工具、Firebug、Fiddler,都会以树形结构展示 JSON 数据,非常友好。但也有些服务端语言还没有支持这种方式,例如 php 就无法通过 $_POST 对象从上面的请求中获得内容。这时候,需要自己动手处理下:在请求头中 Content-Type 为 application/json 时,从 php://input 里获得原始输入流,再 json_decode 成对象。一些 php 框架已经开始这么做了。

当然 AngularJS 也可以配置为使用 x-www-form-urlencoded 方式提交数据。

④ text/xml

之前提到过 XML-RPC(XML Remote Procedure Call)。它是一种使用 HTTP 作为传输协议,XML 作为编码方式的远程调用规范。典型的 XML-RPC 请求是这样的:

复制代码 代码如下:
POST http://www.jb51.net HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: text/xml
 


examples.getStateName


41
 


XML-RPC 协议简单、功能够用,各种语言的实现都有。它的使用也很广泛,如 WordPress 的 XML-RPC Api,seo/seo.html" target="_blank">搜索引擎的 ping 服务等等。JavaScript 中,也有现成的库支持以这种方式进行数据交互,能很好的支持已有的 XML-RPC 服务。不过,我个人觉得 XML 结构还是过于臃肿,一般场景用 JSON 会更灵活方便。

希望本文所述对大家的PHP程序设计有所帮助。

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