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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP解析目录路径的3个函数总结_php技巧

要描述一个文件的位置,可以使用决对路径和相对路径。绝对路径是从根开始一级一级地进入各个子目录,最后指定该文件名或目录名。而相对目录是从当前目录进入某目录,最后指定该文件名或目录名。在系统的每个目录下都有两个特殊的目录“.”和“..”,分别指示当前目录和当前目录的父目录(上一级目录)。例如:

复制代码 代码如下:

$unixPath = “/var/www/html/index.php”; –在UNIX系统中绝对路径,必须使用“/”作为路径分隔符
$winPath = “C:\\Appserv\\www\\index.php”; –Windows系统的绝对路径,默认使用“”作为路径分隔符
$winPath = “C:/Appserv/www/index.php”; –在Windows系统中也接受“/”作为路径分隔符,推荐使用
$fileName1=”file.txt”; –相对路径,当前目录下的file.txt文件
$fileName2=”javascript/common.js”; –相对路径,当前目录中javascript子目录下的common.js文件
$fileName3=”../images/logo.gif”; –相对路径,上一级目录中images子目录下的logo.gif文件

在上例中,分别列出了UNIX和Windows系统中绝对路径和相对路径的格式。其中在UNIX系统中必须使用正斜线“/”作为路径分隔符,而在Windows系统中默认使用反斜线“”作为路径分隔符,在程序中表示还要将“”转义,但也接受正斜线“/”作为分隔符的写法。为了程序可以有很好的移植性,建议都使用“/”作为文件的路径分隔符。另外,也可以使用PHP的内置常量DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR,其值为当前操作系统的默认文件路径分隔符。例如:

复制代码 代码如下:

$fileName2 = “javascript”.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.”common.js”; –Unix为“/”,Windows为“”

将目录路径中各个属性分离开通常很有用,如末尾的扩展名、目录部分和基本名。可以通过PHP的系统函数basename()、dirname()和pathinfo()函数完成这些任务。

①函数basename()

函数basename()返回路径中的文件名部分。该函数的原型如下所示:

复制代码 代码如下:

string basename(string path[,string suffix]) //返回路径中的文件名部分

该函数给出一个包含其指向一个文件的全路径的字符串,本函数返回基本的文件名。第二个参数可选参数,规定文件的扩展名。如果提供了则不会输出这个扩展名。该函数的使用如下面的代码所示:
复制代码 代码如下:

//包含有指向一个文件的全部路径的字符串
$path = "/var/www/html/page.php";
//显示带有文件扩展名的文件名,输出page.php
echo basename($path);
//显示不带有文件扩展名的文件名,输出page
echo basename($path,".php");
?>

②函数dirname()

该函数恰好与basename()相反,只需要一个参数,给出一个包含有指向一个文件的全部路径的字符串,本函数返回去掉文件名后的目录名。该函数的使用如以下代码所示:

复制代码 代码如下:

$path = "/var/www/html/page.php";
echo dirname($path); //返回目录名/var/www/html
echo dirname('c:/'); //返回目录名c:/
?>

③函数pathinfo()

函数pathinfo()返回一个关联数组,其中包括指定路径中的目录名、基本名和扩展名三个部分。分别通过数组键dirname、basename和extension来引用。该函数的使用如下代码所示。

复制代码 代码如下:

$path = "/var/www/html/page.php";
$path_parts = pathinfo($path); //返回包括指定路径中的目录名、基本名和扩展名关联数组
echo $path_parts["dirname"]; //输出目录名/var/www/html
echo $path_parts["basename"]; //输出基本名page.php
echo $path_parts["extension"]; //输出扩展名.php
?>
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