


Chapter 2: How to write PHP code for getting started with PHP_PHP Tutorial
一.在web页面嵌入PHP代码的几种风格
推荐使用标准风格或简短风格
//标准风格
echo 'Hello World!';
?>
//简短风格
echo 'Hello World!';
?>
二.代码注释的四种方式
//单行注释
/*
* 多行注释
*/
#shell风格注释
/**
* PHPdoc风格注释
*/
?>
三.向浏览器输出字符串的几种方法
/*
* echo函数的功能:向浏览器输出字符串
* 函数返回值:void
*/
echo 'echo function!';
echo('
');
/*
* echo函数的功能:向浏览器输出字符串
* 函数返回值:int
*/
print 'print function';
echo('
');
echo print 'echo value of print function. ';
echo('
');
/*
* printf函数的功能:向浏览器输出字符串
* 函数返回值:所打印字符串的长度
*/
printf("a weekend have %d days",7);
echo('
');
echo printf("a weekend have %d days",7);
echo('
');
/*
* sprintf函数的功能:把字符串保存到内存中
* 函数返回值:保存的字符串本身
*/
sprintf('sprintf function');
echo('
');
echo sprintf('sprintf function');
echo('
');
?>
输出结果:
echo function test!
print function test.
print function test. 1
a weekend have 7 days
a weekend have 7 days. 23
sprintf function test
常用类型指示符
类型 |
描述 |
%b |
整数,显示为二进制 |
%c |
整数,显示为ASCII字符 |
%d |
整数,显示为有符号十进制数 |
%f |
浮点数,显示为浮点数 |
%o |
整数,显示为八进制数 |
%s |
字符串,显示为字符串 |
%u |
整数,显示为无符号十进制数 |
%x |
整数,显示为小写的十六进制数 |
%X |
整数,显示为大写的十六进制数 |
1.标识符的基本规则:
1) 标识符可以是任意长度,而且可以由任何字母、数字、下划线组成。
2) 标识符不能以数字开始。
3) 在PHP中,标识符是区分大小写的。
4) 一个变量名称可以与一个函数名称相同。
2.变量赋值:
$sum = 0;
$total = 1.22;
$sum = $total;
echo $sum; //1.22
?>
3.变量的数据类型:
基本数据类型
类型 |
名称 |
Integer |
整数 |
Float |
单精度浮点数 |
Double |
又精度浮点数 |
String |
字符串 |
Boolean |
布尔 |
Array |
数组 |
Object |
对象 |
PHP是动态语言,是一种非常弱的类型语言,在程序运行时,可以动态的改变变量的类型。
5.类型转换:
隐式类型转换:
$sum = 0;
$total = 1.22;
$sum = $total;
echo gettype ( $sum );//double
?>
显式类型转换:
$sum = 100;
$total = ( string ) $sum;
echo gettype ( $sum );//string
?>
使用settype()函数进行类型转换,返回值1表示成功,空表示失败。
$sum = 58;
echo settype ( $sum, "float" );
echo $sum; //58
echo gettype ( $sum ); //double
?>
6.检测变量的函数:
函数 |
功能 |
返回值 |
Gettype() |
获取变量的类型 |
基本数据类型中的其中一种 |
Settype() |
设置变量的类型 |
Bool(1:true 0:false(or '')) |
Isset() |
用来判断一个变量是否存在 |
Bool |
Unset() |
释放给定的变量 |
Void |
Empty() |
检测一个变量的值是否为空 |
Bool |
is_int() is_integer() |
检测变量是否是整数 |
Bool |
Is_string() |
检测变量是否是字符串 |
bool |
Is_numeric |
检测变量是否为数字或数字字符串 |
bool |
Is_null |
检测变量是否为 NULL |
bool |
Intval() |
获取变量的整数值 |
int |
$a = 10;
echo isset ( $a );//1
?>
echo isset ( $b );//''
?>
Usset()的基本使用
$a = 10;
unset($a);
echo isset ( $a );//''
?>
Empty()的基本使用
$a= 5;
$b =1;
$c = 0;
$d = "";
$e = array();
$f = null;
$g = "0";
$h = false;
echo empty($a);//''(false)
echo '
';
echo empty($b);//''(false)
echo '
';
echo empty($c);//1(true)
echo '
';
echo empty($d);//1(true)
echo '
';
echo empty($e);//1(true)
echo '
';
echo empty($f);//1(true)
echo '
';
echo empty($g);//1(true)
echo '
';
echo empty($h);//1(true)
echo '
';
echo empty($f);//1(true)
?>
is_int()的基本使用。类似的函数有:is_float()、is_double()、is_string()、is_bool()、is_array()、is_null()、is_long()、is_object()、is_resource()、is_numeric()、is_real()等。
$a = 11;
$b = 1.23;
$c = 3.1415926;
$d = "hello";
$e = false;
$f = array();
$g = null;
echo is_int($a);//1
echo '
';
echo is_float($b);//1
echo '
';
echo is_double($c);//1
echo '
';
echo is_string($d);//1
echo '
';
echo is_bool($e);//1
echo '
';
echo is_array($f);//1
echo '
';
echo is_null($g);//1
echo '
';
echo is_numeric($a);//1
?>
Intval()函数的基本使用。类似的函数为:floatval()、strval()
$a = 22.23;
echo gettype($a);//double
echo '
';
$b = intval($a);//类型转换后不改变$a原来的类型
echo gettype($a);//double
echo '
';
?>
$a = 22.23;
echo gettype($a);//double
echo '
';
settype($a,"integer");//类型转换后会改变$aa原来的类型
echo gettype($a);//integer
echo '
';
?>
7.变量的作用域
超级全局变量
变量名 |
作用 |
$GLOBALS |
所有全局变量数组 |
$_SERVER |
服务器环境变量数组 |
$_GET |
通过GET方式传递给该脚本的变量数组 |
$_POST |
通过POST方式传递给该脚本的变量数组 |
$_COOKIE |
COOKIE变量数组 |
$_FILES |
与文件上传相关的变量数组 |
$_ENV |
环境变量数组 |
$_REQUEST |
所用用户输入的变量数组 |
$_SESSION |
会话变量数组 |
8. Constants
Once defined, they cannot be changed again.
define("TOTAL",100);
echo TOTAL;//100
echo '
';
define("TOTAL",200);
echo TOTAL;//100
?>
Methods to view PHP predefined constants
phpinfo();
?>
Method to reference PHP predefined constants
echo $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"];//localhost
echo '
';
echo $_SERVER[ "SERVER_PORT"];//8090
echo '
';
echo $_SERVER["DOCUMENT_ROOT"];//D:/AppServ/www
echo '
';
?>
5. Three common ways to access form variables
echo $username;//Short style, easily confused with variable names, not recommended.
echo '
';
echo $_POST['username'];//Medium style, supported after version 4.1.0, recommended
echo '
' ;
echo $HTTP_POST_VARS['username'];//Long style, outdated, may be eliminated in the future
?>
Posttest.html
6. For string concatenation.
echo "the student name is:".$_POST['username'];
echo "
";
echo "welcome to "."school";
?>

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


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