


Detailed explanation based on PHP5 magic constants and magic methods_PHP tutorial
魔术常量:
1。__LINE__
返回文件中的当前行号。
2。__FILE__
返回文件的完整路径和文件名。如果用在包含文件中,则返回包含文件名。自PHP4.0.2 起,__FILE__总是包含一个绝对路径,而在此之前的版本有时会包含一个相对路径。
3。__FUNCTION__
返回函数名称(PHP4.3.0 新加)。自PHP5 起本常量返回该函数被定义时的名字(区分大小写)。在PHP4 中该值总是小写字母的。
4。__CLASS__
返回类的名称(PHP4.3.0 新加)。自PHP5 起本常量返回该类被定义时的名字(区分大小写)。在PHP4 中该值总是小写字母的。
5。__METHOD__
返回类的方法名(PHP5.0.0 新加)。返回该方法被定义时的名字(区分大小写)。
魔术函数:
1。__construct()
构造函数: 实例化对象时被调用,
当__construct和以类名为函数名的构造函数同时存在时,__construct将被调用,另一个不被调用。
4。__get()
读取一个对象的属性时,若属性存在,则直接返回属性值;若不存在,则会调用__get函数。
5。__set()
设置一个对象的属性时,
若属性存在,则直接赋值;
若不存在,则会调用__set函数。
6。__toString()
打印一个对象的时被调用。如echo$obj;或print$obj;
7。__clone()
克隆对象时被调用。如:$t=newTest();$t1=clone $t;
8。__sleep()
serialize之前被调用。若对象比较大,想删减一点东东再序列化,可考虑一下此函数。
9。__wakeup()
unserialize时被调用,做些对象的初始化工作。
10。__isset()
检测一个对象的属性是否存在时被调用。如:isset($c->name)。
11。__unset()
unset一个对象的属性时被调用。如:unset($c->name)。
12。__set_state()
调用var_export时,被调用。用__set_state的返回值做为var_export的返回值。
13。__autoload()
实例化一个对象时,如果对应的类不存在,则该方法被调用。
初识魔术方法
Php5.0发布以来为我们提供了很多面向对象的特性,尤其是为我们提供了好多易用的魔术方法,这些魔术方法可以让我们简化我们的编码,更好的设计我们的系统。今天我们就来认识下php5.0给我们提供的魔术方法。
PHP| 魔术方法|__toString(),__clone(),__call(),__autoload() 详解
__toString()
如果我有一个类:
classPerson
{
private $name = “”;
private $age = 0;
function__construct($name = “”, $age = “”)
{
$this->name =$name;
$this->age = $age;
}
functionsay()
{
echo“name:”.$this->name.”
”.”age:”.$this->age.”
”;
}
}
现在我去实例化这个类,然后去打印这个实例:
$p1= new person(“liuzy”,20);
echo $p1; //直接打印会出错
显然这样直接打印对象是会出现错误的,因为对象是引用句柄,不能直接打印。这时,我们可以用到__toString()方法。我们在Person类里加一个__toString()方法:
function__toString()
{
return “I am Person,my name is“.$this->name.”
”;
}
然后再刷新页面,发现什么了?
现在我们明白,__toString()是在直接打印对象时执行的方法,我们可以用该方法打印类的一些相关信息。注意:是两个下划线,方法必须有返回值。
__clone()
我们知道对象是可以直接赋值的,比如
$p2= $p1; //这里是一个对象有两个引用
那么我执行:
$p1->say();
$p2->say();
是都可以执行的,而且效果一样。
We have another method:
$p3= clone $p1; //Note that clone is the clone keyword. The difference here is that $p3 is a new object.
At the same time, we add a method to the class:
function__clone()
{
$this->name = "I am a copy"; //Note: $this here is generated by cloning The object itself, not the current class
}
Then we execute:
$p3->say();
Print out:
name:I am a copy
age:20
At this point we understand that the __clone() method is a method executed when cloning an object. Its function is to initialize properties and other operations on the newly cloned copy.
__call()
The main function of this method is to execute the __call() method when an instance of this class calls a non-existent method. Note that it needs to be declared in the class in advance:
function__call($fname,$argus)
{
echo "The method you called: ".$fname." does not exist
";
echo" parameter is".print_r($argus);
}
__autoload()
When we usually call a class, we must first introduce the file where the class is located (include "xxx .php"), if we call many classes in one page, then we have to use many include "xxx.php". Obviously this is troublesome.
__autoload() method can help us solve this problem.
For example, we define the file where the Person class above is located as Person_class.php.
Create a new php file test.php and edit the content:
function __autoload($calssName)
{
include $className.”_class.php”; //Maybe you will understand after seeing this, right? Haha
}
$p= new Person(“mifan”, 22);
$p->say();
There will be no errors when executing the test.php page.
The __autoload() method is a method called when a class does not exist. It has a string type parameter that declares the class name of the non-existent class.
Of course, the naming of class files is also very particular. It is best to have something to do with a class, such as Person_class.php

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


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