


PHP experience: parsing preg_match and preg_match_all functions_PHP tutorial
正则表达式在 PHP 中的应用
在 PHP 应用中,正则表达式主要用于:
•正则匹配:根据正则表达式匹配相应的内容
•正则替换:根据正则表达式匹配内容并替换
•正则分割:根据正则表达式分割字符串
在 PHP 中有两类正则表达式函数,一类是 Perl 兼容正则表达式函数,一类是 POSIX 扩展正则表达式函数。二者差别不大,而且推荐使用Perl 兼容正则表达式函数,因此下文都是以 Perl 兼容正则表达式函数为例子说明。
定界符
Perl 兼容模式的正则表达式函数,其正则表达式需要写在定界符中。任何不是字母、数字或反斜线()的字符都可以作为定界符,通常我们使用 / 作为定界符。具体使用见下面的例子。
提示
尽管正则表达式功能非常强大,但如果用普通字符串处理函数能完成的,就尽量不要用正则表达式函数,因为正则表达式效率会低得多。关于普通字符串处理函数。
preg_match()
preg_match() 函数用于进行正则表达式匹配,成功返回 1 ,否则返回 0 。
语法:
int preg_match( string pattern, string subject [, array matches ] )
参数说明:
参数 | 说明 |
---|---|
pattern | 正则表达式 |
subject | 需要匹配检索的对象 |
matches | 可选,存储匹配结果的数组, $matches[0] 将包含与整个模式匹配的文本,$matches[1] 将包含与第一个捕获的括号中的子模式所匹配的文本,以此类推 |
if(preg_match("/php/i", "PHP is the web scripting language of choice.", $matches)){
print "A match was found:". $matches[0];
} else {
print "A match was not found.";
}
?>
浏览器输出:
A match was found: PHP
在该例子中,由于使用了 i 修正符,因此会不区分大小写去文本中匹配 php 。
提示
preg_match() 第一次匹配成功后就会停止匹配,如果要实现全部结果的匹配,即搜索到subject结尾处,则需使用 preg_match_all() 函数。
例子 2 ,从一个 URL 中取得主机域名 :
// 从 URL 中取得主机名
preg_match("/^(http://)?([^/]+)/i","http://www.jb51.net/index.html", $matches);
$host = $matches[2];
// 从主机名中取得后面两段
preg_match("/[^./]+.[^./]+$/", $host, $matches);
echo "域名为:{$matches[0]}";
?>
浏览器输出:
域名为:jb51.net
preg_match_all()
preg_match_all() 函数用于进行正则表达式全局匹配,成功返回整个模式匹配的次数(可能为零),如果出错返回 FALSE 。
语法:
int preg_match_all( string pattern, string subject, array matches [, int flags ] )
参数说明:
参数 | 说明 |
---|---|
pattern | 正则表达式 |
subject | 需要匹配检索的对象 |
matches | 存储匹配结果的数组 |
flags |
可选,指定匹配结果放入 matches 中的顺序,可供选择的标记有:
|
$str = "
Learning php is A happy thing.
All phpers need to work together!";
$kw = "php";
preg_match_all('/
([sS]*?)/',$str,$mat);
for($i=0;$i
$mat[0][$i] = str_replace($kw, ''.$kw.'', $mat[0][$i]);
$str = str_replace($mat[1][$i], $mat[0] [$i], $str);
}
echo $str;
?>
Regular matching Chinese characters
Regular matching Chinese characters are slightly different depending on the page encoding:
•GBK/GB2312 encoding: [x80-xff>]+ or [xa1-xff]+
•UTF-8 encoding: [x{4e00 }-x{9fa5}]+/u
Example:
$str = "Learning php is a happy thing.";
preg_match_all("/[x80-xff]+/", $str, $match) ;
//UTF-8 use:
//preg_match_all("/[x{4e00}-x{9fa5}]+/u", $str, $match);
print_r($match );
?>
Output:
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => Learning
[1] => is a joy Things.
)
)

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