Specific code examples for protecting databases with PHP

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Specific code examples for protecting databases with PHP_PHP tutorial

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Jul 15, 2016 pm 01:29 PM

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There are many examples of data loss due to poor database management, causing losses to oneself. We are going to talk about it this timeThe following code shows a sample script to run a SQL statement. In this case, the SQL statement is a dynamic statement that allows the same attack. The owner of this form may think the form is safe because they have restricted the column names to select lists. However, the code misses one last tip about form cheating — just because the code limits the options to a drop-down box doesn't mean that someone else can't post the form with the required content (including the asterisk [*]).

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">html</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>   </span></span></li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">head</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">title</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>SQL Injection Example</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">title</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">head</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">body</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">form</span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">id</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"myFrom"</font></span><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">action</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"<?php  echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>"</font></span><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">method</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"post"</font></span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">input</span></span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">type</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"text"</font></span><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">name</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"account_number"</font></span><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">value</font></span><span>="</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">php</span></font></strong><span> echo(isset($_POST['account_number']) ?    </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>        $_POST['account_number'] : ''); </span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">?></font></strong></span><span>" </span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">/></font></strong></span><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">select</span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">name</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"col"</font></span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">option</span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">value</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"account_number"</font></span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>Account Number</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">option</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">option</span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">value</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"name"</font></span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>Name</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">option</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">option</span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">value</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"address"</font></span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>Address</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">option</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">select</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">input</span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">type</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"submit"</font></span><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">value</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"Save"</font></span><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">name</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"submit"</font></span><span> </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag">/></span><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">form</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">php</span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>if ($_POST['submit'] == 'Save') {   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>    /* do the form processing */   </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    $</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">link</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">mysql_connect</font></span><span>('hostname', 'user', 'password') or    </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span>        die ('Could not connect' . mysql_error());   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    mysql_select_db('test', $link);   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>           </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>        $</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">col</font></span><span> = $_POST['col'];   </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    $</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">select</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"SELECT "</font></span><span> . $col . " FROM account_data WHERE </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">account_number</font></span><span> = "    </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span>        . $_POST['account_number'] . ";" ;   </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>' . $select . '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    $</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">result</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">mysql_query</font></span><span>($select) or die('</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>' . mysql_error() . '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>');   </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">table</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>    while ($</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">row</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">mysql_fetch_assoc</font></span><span>($result)) {   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>        echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">tr</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>        echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">td</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>' . $row[$col] . '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">td</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>        echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">tr</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span>    }   </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">table</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    mysql_close($link);   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>}   </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">?></font></strong></span><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">body</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">html</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>  </span>
</li>
</ol>

Therefore, to form PHP's habit of protecting the database, please avoid using dynamic SQL code as much as possible. If you cannot avoid dynamic SQL code, do not use input directly on a column. Below shows how, in addition to using a static column, you can add a simple validation routine to the account number field to ensure that the input value is not a non-numeric value.

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">html</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>   </span></span></li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">head</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">title</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>SQL Injection Example</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">title</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">head</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">body</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">form</span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">id</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"myFrom"</font></span><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">action</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"<?php  echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>"</font></span><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">method</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"post"</font></span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">input</span></span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">type</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"text"</font></span><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">name</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"account_number"</font></span><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">value</font></span><span>="</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">php</span></font></strong><span> echo(isset($_POST['account_number']) ?    </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>        $_POST['account_number'] : ''); </span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">?></font></strong></span><span>" </span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">/></font></strong></span><span> </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">input</span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">type</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"submit"</font></span><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>    </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">value</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"Save"</font></span><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">name</font></span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">"submit"</font></span><span> </span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag">/></span><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">form</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">php</span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span>function isValidAccountNumber($number)    </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>{   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>    return is_numeric($number);   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>}   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>if ($_POST['submit'] == 'Save') {   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li class=""><span>    /* Remember habit #1--validate your data! */   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>    if (isset($_POST['account_number']) &   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>    isValidAccountNumber($_POST['account_number'])) {   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li class=""><span>        /* do the form processing */   </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>        $</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">link</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">mysql_connect</font></span><span>('hostname', 'user', 'password') or   </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span>        die ('Could not connect' . mysql_error());   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>        mysql_select_db('test', $link);   </span></li>
<li class=""><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>        $</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">select</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">sprintf</font></span><span>("SELECT account_number, name, address " .   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>        " FROM account_data WHERE </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">account_number</font></span><span> = %s;",   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>        mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['account_number']));   </span></li>
<li class="">
<span>        echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>' . $select . '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>        $</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">result</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">mysql_query</font></span><span>($select) or die('</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>' . mysql_error() . '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">p</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>');   </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>        echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">table</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>        while ($</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">row</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">mysql_fetch_assoc</font></span><span>($result)) {   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>            echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">tr</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>            echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">td</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>' . $row['account_number'] . '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">td</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>            echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">td</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>' . $row['name'] . '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">td</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>            echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">td</span><span class="tag">></span></span></font></strong><span>' . $row['address'] . '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">td</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>            echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">tr</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span>        }   </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>        echo '</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">table</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>';   </span>
</li>
<li class=""><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>        mysql_close($link);   </span></li>
<li class=""><span>    } else {   </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>        echo "</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">span</span></span></font></strong><span> </span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">style</font></span><span>="font-color:red"</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>" .   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span>    "Please supply a valid account number!</span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">span</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>";   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li class=""><span>    }   </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>}   </span></li>
<li class="">
<span></span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">?></font></strong></span><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">body</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
<li class="">
<span></span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">html</span><span class="tag">></span></font></strong><span>   </span>
</li>
</ol>

This example of protecting a database with PHP also shows the usage of the mysql_real_escape_string() function. This function will filter your input correctly so it does not include invalid characters. If you have been relying on magic_quotes_gpc, you need to note that it is deprecated and will be removed in PHP V6. From now on you should avoid using it and write secure PHP applications in this case. Also, if you are using an ISP, it is possible that your ISP does not have magic_quotes_gpc enabled.

Finally, in the improved PHP protected database example, you can see that the SQL statement and output do not include the dynamic column option. Using this approach, you can export columns if they are added to a table that later contains different information. If you are using a framework to work with a database, your framework may already perform SQL validation for you. Make sure to check the documentation to ensure the framework is secure; if you're still unsure, verify it to make sure. Even when using a framework for database interaction, there are still additional validations that need to be performed.

Statement

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What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python: Exploring Their Similarities and DifferencesApr 19, 2025 am 12:21 AM

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP and Python: Different Paradigms ExplainedApr 18, 2025 am 12:26 AM

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their HistoryApr 18, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

Choosing Between PHP and Python: A GuideApr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP and Frameworks: Modernizing the LanguageApr 18, 2025 am 12:14 AM

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHP's Impact: Web Development and BeyondApr 18, 2025 am 12:10 AM

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

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