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PHP中预定义的6种接口介绍_PHP教程

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2016-07-13 09:53:41802browse

PHP中预定义的6种接口介绍

   这篇文章主要介绍了PHP中预定义的6种接口介绍,本文讲解了Traversable、Iterator、IteratorAggregate、ArrayAccess、Serializable、Closure,需要的朋友可以参考下

  PHP预定义了6个接口介绍如下:

  1.Traversable遍历接口

  呵呵!其实它不是一个在PHP中可以使用的接口,内部类才可使用,它有一个用途就是检测一个类是否可以遍历。

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if($class instanceof Traversable) {

//foreach

}

  2.Iterator迭代器接口

  接口摘要:

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Iterator extends Traversable

{

//返回当前索引游标指向的元素

abstract public mixed current(void)

//返回当前索引游标指向的元素的键名

abstract public scalar key(void)

//移动当前索引游标指向下一元素

abstract public void next(void)

//重置索引游标的指向第一个元素

abstract public void rewind(void)

//判断当前索引游标指向的是否是一个元素,常常在调用 rewind()或 next()使用

abstract public boolean valid(void)

}

  以上可以让一个类实现一个基本的迭代功能,如下可以看到迭代的调用顺序:

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class myIterator implements Iterator {

private $position = 0 ;

private $array = array(

"firstelement" ,

"secondelement" ,

"lastelement" ,

);

 

public function __construct () {

$this -> position = 0 ;

}

 

function rewind () {

var_dump ( __METHOD__ );

$this -> position = 0 ;

}

 

function current () {

var_dump ( __METHOD__ );

return $this -> array [ $this -> position ];

}

 

function key () {

var_dump ( __METHOD__ );

return $this -> position ;

}

 

function next () {

var_dump ( __METHOD__ );

++ $this -> position ;

}

 

function valid () {

var_dump ( __METHOD__ );

return isset( $this -> array [ $this -> position ]);

}

}

 

$it = new myIterator ;

 

foreach( $it as $key => $value ) {

var_dump ( $key , $value );

echo "\n" ;

}

  3.IteratorAggregate聚合式迭代器接口

  接口摘要:

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IteratorAggregate extends Traversable {

 

//获取外部迭代器

abstract public Traversable getIterator ( void )

}

  getIterator是一个Iterator或Traversable接口的类的一个实例。如下获取外部迭代器实现迭代访问。

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class myData implements IteratorAggregate {

public $property1 = "Public property one" ;

public $property2 = "Public property two" ;

public $property3 = "Public property three" ;

 

public function __construct () {

$this -> property4 = "last property" ;

}

 

 

public function getIterator () {

return new ArrayIterator ( $this );

}

}

 

$obj = new myData ;

 

foreach( $obj as $key => $value ) {

var_dump ( $key , $value );

echo "\n" ;

}

  4.ArrayAccess数组式访问接口

  接口摘要:

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ArrayAccess {

/* 方法 */

abstract public boolean offsetExists ( mixed $offset ) //检查偏移位置是否存在

abstract public mixed offsetGet ( mixed $offset ) //获取一个偏移位置的值

abstract public void offsetSet ( mixed $offset , mixed $value ) //设置一个偏移位置的值

abstract public void offsetUnset ( mixed $offset ) //复位一个偏移位置的值

}

  如下可像访问数组一样访问对象:

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class obj implements arrayaccess {

private $container = array();

public function __construct () {

$this -> container = array(

"one" => 1 ,

"two" => 2 ,

"three" => 3 ,

);

}

public function offsetSet ( $offset , $value ) {

if ( is_null ( $offset )) {

$this -> container [] = $value ;

} else {

$this -> container [ $offset ] = $value ;

}

}

public function offsetExists ( $offset ) {

return isset( $this -> container [ $offset ]);

}

public function offsetUnset ( $offset ) {

unset( $this -> container [ $offset ]);

}

public function offsetGet ( $offset ) {

return isset( $this -> container [ $offset ]) ? $this -> container [ $offset ] : null ;

}

}

 

$obj = new obj ;

 

var_dump (isset( $obj [ "two" ]));

var_dump ( $obj [ "two" ]);

unset( $obj [ "two" ]);

var_dump (isset( $obj [ "two" ]));

$obj [ "two" ] = "A value" ;

var_dump ( $obj [ "two" ]);

$obj [] = 'Append 1' ;

$obj [] = 'Append 2' ;

$obj [] = 'Append 3' ;

print_r ( $obj );

  5.Serializable序列化接口

  接口摘要:

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Serializable {

 

/* 方法 */

abstract public string serialize ( void ) //对象的字符串表示

abstract public mixed unserialize ( string $serialized ) // 构造对象

}

  实现该接口的类不再支持__sleep()和__wakeup()。使用很简单,只要序列化对象时serialize方法会被调用,当反序列化时,unserialize方法被调用。

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class obj implements Serializable {

private $data ;

public function __construct () {

$this -> data = "My private data" ;

}

public function serialize () {

return serialize ( $this -> data );

}

public function unserialize ( $data ) {

$this -> data = unserialize ( $data );

}

public function getData () {

return $this -> data ;

}

}

 

$obj = new obj ;

$ser = serialize ( $obj );

print_r($ser);

$newobj = unserialize ( $ser );

print_r($newobj);

  6.Closure

  接口摘要:

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Closure {

/* 方法 */

__construct ( void ) //用于禁止实例化的构造函数

public static Closure bind ( Closure $closure , object $newthis [, mixed $newscope = 'static' ] ) //复制一个闭包,绑定指定的$this对象和类作用域。

public Closure bindTo ( object $newthis [, mixed $newscope = 'static' ] ) //复制当前闭包对象,绑定指定的$this对象和类作用域。

}

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class A {

private static $sfoo = 1 ;

private $ifoo = 2 ;

}

$cl1 = static function() {

return A :: $sfoo ;

};

$cl2 = function() {

return $this -> ifoo ;

};

 

$bcl1 = Closure :: bind ( $cl1 , null , 'A' );

$bcl2 = Closure :: bind ( $cl2 , new A (), 'A' );

echo $bcl1 (), "\n" ;

echo $bcl2 (), "\n" ;

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