


Basic PHP review: echo print printf sprintf print_r var_dump usage and difference, print_rvar_dump_PHP tutorial
PHP基础温习之echo print printf sprintf print_r var_dump的用法与区别,print_rvar_dump
一、echoecho() 实际上不是一个函数,是php语句,因此您无需对其使用括号。不过,如果您希望向 echo() 传递一个以上的参数,那么使用括号会发生解析错误。而且echo是返回void的,并不返回值,所以不能使用它来赋值。
例子:
复制代码代码如下:
<?<span>php </span><span>$a</span> = <span>echo</span>("55nav"); <span>//</span><span> 错误!不能用来赋值 </span> <span>echo</span> "55nav"; <span>//</span><span> 55nav </span> <span>echo</span> ("55nav"); <span>//</span><span> 55nav </span> <span>echo</span> ("55nav","com"); <span>//</span><span>发生错误,有括号不能传递多个参数 </span> <span>echo</span> "55nav"," com"," is", " web"; <span>//</span><span> 不用括号的时候可以用逗号隔开多个值, 会输出 55nav com is web </span> <span>echo</span> "55nav is 8 good 9 web."; <span>//</span><span> 不管是否换行,最终显示都是为一行 55nav is good web. </span> <span>$fistname</span>="55nav"<span>; </span><span>echo</span> "<span>$fistname</span> com"; <span>//</span><span> 如果 $firstname = "55nav", 则会输出 55nav com. </span> <span>echo</span> '$firstname com'; <span>//</span><span> 由于使用单引号,所以不会输出$firstname的值,而是输出 $firstname com </span> ?>
二、print
print() 和 echo() 用法一样,但是echo速度会比print快一点点。实际上它也不是一个函数,因此您无需对其使用括号。不过,如果您希望向print() 传递一个以上的参数,那么使用括号会发生解析错误。注意print总是返回1的,这个和echo不一样,也就是可以使用print来赋值,不过没有实际意义。
例子:
复制代码代码如下:
<?<span>php </span><span>$a</span> = <span>print</span>("55nav"); <span>//</span><span> 这个是允许的 </span> <span>echo</span> <span>$a</span>; <span>//</span><span> $a的值是1 </span> ?>
三、print_r 函数
print_r函数打印关于变量的易于理解的信息。
语法:mixed print_r ( mixed $expression [, bool return ] )
如果变量是string , integer or float , 将会直接输出其值,如果变量是一个数组,则会输出一个格式化后的数组,便于阅读,也就是有key和value对应的那种格式。对于object对象类同。print_r有两个参数,第一个是变量,第二个可设为true,如果设为true,则会返回字符串,否则返回布尔值TRUE。
例子:
复制代码代码如下:
<?<span>php </span><span>$a</span>="55nav"<span>; </span><span>$c</span> = <span>print_r</span>(<span>$a</span><span>); </span><span>echo</span> <span>$c</span>; <span>//</span><span> $c的值是TRUE </span> <span>$c</span> = <span>print_r</span>(<span>$a</span>,<span>true</span><span>); </span><span>echo</span> <span>$c</span>; <span>//</span><span> $c的值是字符串55nav </span> ?>
四、printf函数
printf函数返回一个格式化后的字符串。
语法:printf(format,arg1,arg2,arg++)
参数 format 是转换的格式,以百分比符号 (“%”) 开始到转换字符结束。下面是可能的 format 值:
* %% – 返回百分比符号
* %b – 二进制数
* %c – 依照 ASCII 值的字符
* %d – 带符号十进制数
* %e – 可续计数法(比如 1.5e+3)
* %u – 无符号十进制数
* %f – 浮点数(local settings aware)
* %F – 浮点数(not local settings aware)
* %o – 八进制数
* %s – 字符串
* %x – 十六进制数(小写字母)
* %X – 十六进制数(大写字母)
arg1, arg2, arg++ 等参数将插入到主字符串中的百分号 (%) 符号处。该函数是逐步执行的,在第一个 % 符号中,插入 arg1,在第二个 % 符号处,插入 arg2,依此类推。如果 % 符号多于 arg 参数,则您必须使用占位符。占位符被插入 % 符号之后,由数字和 “\$” 组成。可使用数字指定显示的参数,详情请看例子。
例子:
复制代码代码如下:
<?<span>php </span><span>printf</span>("My name is %s %s。","55nav", "com"); <span>//</span><span> My name is 55nav com。 </span> <span>printf</span>("My name is %1\$s %1\$s","55nav", "com"); <span>//</span><span> 在s前添加1\$或2\$.....表示后面的参数显示的位置,此行输出 My name is 55nav 55nav因为只显示第一个参数两次。 </span> <span>printf</span>("My name is %2\$s %1\$s","55nav", "com"); <span>//</span><span> My name is com 55nav </span> ?>
五、sprintf函数
此函数使用方法和printf一样,唯一不同的就是该函数把格式化的字符串写写入一个变量中,而不是输出来。
例子:
复制代码代码如下:
<?<span>php </span><span>sprintf</span>("My name is %1\$s %1\$s","55nav", "com"); <span>//</span><span>你会发现没有任何东西输出的。 </span> <span>$out</span> = <span>sprintf</span>("My name is %1\$s %2\$s","55nav", "com"<span>); </span><span>echo</span> <span>$out</span>; <span>//</span><span>输出 My name is 55nav com </span> ?>
六、var_dump函数
功能: 输出变量的内容、类型或字符串的内容、类型、长度。常用来调试。
复制代码代码如下:
<?<span>php </span><span>$a</span>=100<span>; </span><span>var_dump</span>(<span>$a</span>); <span>//</span><span>int(100) </span> <span>$a</span>=100.356<span>; </span><span>var_dump</span>(<span>$a</span>); <span>//</span><span>float(100.356) </span> ?>

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.

Key players in HTTP cache headers include Cache-Control, ETag, and Last-Modified. 1.Cache-Control is used to control caching policies. Example: Cache-Control:max-age=3600,public. 2. ETag verifies resource changes through unique identifiers, example: ETag: "686897696a7c876b7e". 3.Last-Modified indicates the resource's last modification time, example: Last-Modified:Wed,21Oct201507:28:00GMT.

In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.


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