PHP五种常用的设计模式——工厂模式
一直对设计模式有一种敬畏之心,每次想要看设计模式的时候就会想到Erich Gamma
,Richard Helm
, Ralph Johnson
, John Vlissides
的黑皮《设计模式》
,基本都望而止步,要把那本书看完可不是一时半会的,而且在没有项目经验的情况下,个人感觉基本都是纸上谈兵。
今天在IBM Developerworks
上看到一篇文章将PHP
中常用的五种设计模式,感觉还不错,而且只有五种五种五种(重要的强调三遍)!先从简单的入手,把这五种消灭了再说。以后慢慢学习其他的设计模式。
工厂模式(Factory Pattern
)
工厂这个词的使用是非常形象,字面意思可以这样认为,这种模式下,我们有一个工厂,这个工厂生产很多一种或者几种产品(其实多种的情况是覆盖了一种的),但是每个产品怎么生产和包装的我们不知道,其实我们也不需要知道,知道的越多你就越迷糊,以后你的行为就受制于太多杂事,也就是我们常说的耦合度太高,因此我们就将所有的事情交给工厂负责,我们只用告诉工厂需要什么,工厂把产品交付给你就是了。一旦产品的工艺发生改变,工厂负责就好,你使用该产品的工艺不受影响。因此工厂模式可以大大的降低系统的耦合度,增强系统的稳定性,当然也会提高代码的复用率。
在实际的程序设计中,工厂相当于一个对外的接口,那么这个接口的返回类型是确定的,那么我们怎么通过这个工厂来生产不同的产品发回给客户呢?很简单,做一个所有产品的“模子”就可以,这个“模子”有每个产品的所有特征,但是不能用,需要具体的产品实现这些特性,就是我们常说的Interface
。
使用类图表示如下:
PHP
的实现
编写一个接口 Product.php
<code class="hljs" java=""><!--?php /** * Created by PhpStorm. * User: Defei * Date: 2015/8/8 * Time: 16:14 */ interface Product{ public function getName(); }</code--></code>
设计一个产品<code>A
实现Product
接口
<code class="hljs" java=""><code class="hljs" xml=""><!--?php /** * Created by PhpStorm. * User: Defei * Date: 2015/8/8 * Time: 16:16 */ class ProductA implements Product{ public function getName(){ // TODO: Implement getName() method. echo '我是产品A'; } }</code--></code></code>
<code class="hljs" xml="">设计产品<code>B
实现Product
接口
<code class="hljs" java=""><code class="hljs" xml=""><code class="hljs" xml=""><!--?php /** * Created by PhpStorm. * User: Defei * Date: 2015/8/8 * Time: 16:17 */ class ProductB implements Product{ public function getName(){ // TODO: Implement getName() method. echo '我是产品B'; } }</code--></code></code></code>
<code class="hljs" xml=""><code class="hljs" xml="">建造一座工厂生产产品<code>A
和B
<code class="hljs" java=""><code class="hljs" xml=""><code class="hljs" xml=""><code class="hljs" java=""><!--?php /** * Created by PhpStorm. * User: Defei * Date: 2015/8/8 * Time: 16:18 */ class ProductFactory{ /** * @param $product_name * @return mixed */ public function factory($product_name){ return new $product_name; //PHP可以使用名字直接new一个同名的对象这个很方便 } }</code--></code></code></code></code>
<code class="hljs" xml=""><code class="hljs" xml=""><code class="hljs" java="">测试
<code class="hljs" xml=""><code class="hljs" xml=""><code class="hljs" java="">产品<code>A
和B
已经设计好了,工厂也建好了,下一步就是测试一下这个工厂对的生产能力如何。
<code class="hljs" java=""><code class="hljs" xml=""><code class="hljs" xml=""><code class="hljs" java=""><code class="hljs" xml=""><!--?php /** * Created by PhpStorm. * User: Defei * Date: 2015/8/8 * Time: 16:20 */ include 'ProductFactory.php'; include 'Product.php'; include 'ProductA.php'; include 'ProductB.php'; $factory = new ProductFactory(); echo $factory--->factory('ProductA')->getName().PHP_EOL; echo $factory->factory('ProductB')->getName(); </code></code></code></code></code>
<code class="hljs" xml=""><code class="hljs" xml=""><code class="hljs" java="">输出结果如下:<br>
<img src="/static/imghwm/default1.png" data-src="http://www.bkjia.com/uploads/allimg/150830/06321MS3-1.png" class="lazy" alt="title=">

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.

Key players in HTTP cache headers include Cache-Control, ETag, and Last-Modified. 1.Cache-Control is used to control caching policies. Example: Cache-Control:max-age=3600,public. 2. ETag verifies resource changes through unique identifiers, example: ETag: "686897696a7c876b7e". 3.Last-Modified indicates the resource's last modification time, example: Last-Modified:Wed,21Oct201507:28:00GMT.

In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

EditPlus Chinese cracked version
Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools