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搭建自己的PHP框架心得(二),搭建php框架心得

续言

对于本次更新,我想说:

  • 本框架由本人挑时间完善,而我还不是PHP大神级的人物,所以框架漏洞难免,求大神们指出。
  • 本框架的知识点应用都会写在博客里,大家有什么异议的可以一起讨论,也希望看博客的也能学习到它们。
  • 本次更新,更新了函数规范上的一些问题,如将函数尽量的独立化,每一个函数尽量只单独做好一件事情,尽量减少函数依赖。还对框架的整体优化了一下,添加了SQ全局类,用以处理全局函数,变量。

再次贴出GITHUB地址:Sqier框架GITHUB地址


回调函数

替换了很low的类名拼装实例化,然后拼装方法名的用法,使用PHP的回调函数方式:

原代码:

<code>$controller_name = 'Controller\\' . self::$c_name;
$action_name = self::$a_name . 'Action';
$controller = new $controller_name();
$controller->$action_name();
</code>

修改后代码

<code>    $controller_name = 'Controller\\' . self::$c_name;
    $controller = new $controller_name();
    call_user_func([
        $controller,
        self::$a_name . 'Action'
    ]);
</code>

这里介绍一下PHP的函数回调应用方式:call_user_func和call_user_func_array:

<p>call_user_func ( callback $function [, mixed $parameter [, mixed $... ]] )</p>
<p>调用第一个参数所提供的用户自定义的函数。</p>
<p>返回值:返回调用函数的结果,或FALSE。</p>

call_user_func_array()的用法跟call_user_func类似,只不过传入的参数params整体为一个数组。

另外,call_user_func系列函数还可以传入在第一个参数里传入匿名参数,可以很方便的回调某些事件,这些特性在复杂的框架里应用也十分广泛,如yii2的事件机制里回调函数的使用就是基于此。


VIEW层和ob函数

框架在controller的基类中定义了render方法来渲染页面,它会调用类VIEW的静态函数来分析加载对应页面的模板。

<code>public static function display($data, $view_file) {

    if(is_array($data)) {
        extract($data);//extract函数解析$data数组中的变量
    }else {
        //抛出变量类型异常
    }

    ob_start();
    ob_implicit_flush(0);
    include self::checkTemplate($view_file);//自定义checkTemplate函数,分析检查对应的函数模板,正常返回路径
    $content = ob_get_clean();

    echo $content;
}
</code>

这里重点说一下ob(output buffering)系列函数,其作用引用简明代魔法的ob作用介绍:

  • 防止在浏览器有输出之后再使用setcookie,或者header,session_start函数造成的错误。其实这样的用法少用为好,养成良好的代码习惯。
  • 捕捉对一些不可获取的函数的输出,比如phpinfo会输出一大堆的HTML,但是我们无法用一个变量例如$info=phpinfo();来捕捉,这时候ob就管用了。
  • 对输出的内容进行处理,例如进行gzip压缩,例如进行简繁转换,例如进行一些字符串替换。
  • 生成静态文件,其实就是捕捉整页的输出,然后存成文件,经常在生成HTML,或者整页缓存中使用。

它在ob_start()函数执行后,打开缓冲区,将后面的输出内容装进系统的缓冲区,ob_implicit_flush(0)函数来关闭绝对刷送(echo等),最后使用ob_get_clean()函数将缓冲区的内容取出来。


类__URL__常量和全局类

TP里的__URL__等全局常量用着很方便,可以很简单的实现跳转等操作,而定义它的函数createUrl函数我又想重用,于是借鉴YII的全局类定义方法:

定义基类及详细方法(以后的全局方法会写在这里)

<code>class BaseSqier{
    //方法根据传入的$info信息,和当前URL_MODE解析返回URL字符串
    public static function createUrl($info = '') {
        $url_info = explode('/', strtolower($info));
        $controller = isset($url_info[1]) ? $url_info[0] : strtolower(CONTROLLER);
        $action = isset($url_info[1]) ? $url_info[1] : $url_info[0];
        switch(URL_MODE){
            case URL_COMMON:
                return "/index.php?r=" . $controller . '/' . $action;
            case URL_REWRITE:
                return '/' .$controller . '/' . $action;
        }
    }
 }
</code>

在启动文件中定义类并继承基类;

<code>require_once SQ_PATH.'BaseSqier.php';
class SQ extends BaseSqier{
}
</code>

在全局内都可以直接使用SQ::createUrl()方法来创建URL了。这样,定义__URL__常量就很轻松了。


用单例模式定义数据库连接基类

<code>class Db {
    protected static $_instance;
    public static function getInstance() {
        if(!(self::$_instance instanceof self)) {
            self::$_instance = new self();
        }
        return self::$_instance;
    }

    private function __construct() {
        $link = new \mysqli(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PWD, DB_NAME) or die("连接数据库失败,请检查数据库配置信息!");
        $link->query('set names utf8');
    }
    public function __clone() {
        return self::getInstance();
    }
}
</code>

使用单例模式的核心是:

  • 私有化构造函数,使无法用new来创建对象,也防止子类继承它并改写其构造函数;
  • 用静态变量存放当前对象,定义静态方法来返回对象,如对象还未实例化,实例化一个,存入静态变量并返回。
  • 构造其__clone魔术方法,防止clone出一个新的对象;

DB类的sql查询函数

DB查询函数是一个很复杂的部分,它是一个自成体系的东西,像TP和YII的查询方法都有其独特的地方。我这里暂时先借用TP的MODEL基类,有时间再慢慢补这个。

嗯,介绍一下像TP的查询里的方法联查的实现,其诀窍在于,在每个联查方法的最后都用 return this 来返回已处理过的查询对象。


后续

yii2里的数据表和model类属性之间的映射很酷(虽然被深坑过), 前面一直避开的模块(module,我可以想像得到把它也添加到URI时解析的麻烦)有时间考虑一下。

边写边优化。

Well, to be continued... By the way, promote your personal website: www.alwayscoding.cn My contact information is on the right side of the message board page. If you have any questions, you can communicate there.

www.bkjia.comtruehttp: //www.bkjia.com/PHPjc/1116381.htmlTechArticleExperiences in building your own PHP framework (2), Continuation of experience in building PHP frameworks For this update, I want to say : This framework is perfected by myself, and I am not a PHP master yet, so...
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