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深入理解php printf() 输出格式化的字符串,深入理解printf

php printf() 函数用于输出格式化的字符串,本文章向码农介绍php printf()函数的使用方法和基本使用实例,感兴趣的码农可以参考一下。

定义和用法

printf() 函数输出格式化的字符串。

arg1、arg2、arg++ 参数将被插入到主字符串中的百分号(%)符号处。该函数是逐步执行的。在第一个 % 符号处,插入 arg1,在第二个 % 符号处,插入 arg2,依此类推。

注释:如果 % 符号多于 arg 参数,则您必须使用占位符。占位符被插入到 % 符号之后,由数字和 "\$" 组成。请参见例子 2。

提示:相关函数:sprintf()、 vprintf()、 vsprintf()、 fprintf() 和 vfprintf()

•fprintf()
•sprintf()
•vfprintf()
•vprintf()
•vsprintf() 

语法

printf(format,arg1,arg2,arg++) 

参数 描述
format

必需。规定字符串以及如何格式化其中的变量。

可能的格式值:

  • %% - 返回一个百分号 %
  • %b - 二进制数
  • %c - ASCII 值对应的字符
  • %d - 包含正负号的十进制数(负数、0、正数)
  • %e - 使用小写的科学计数法(例如 1.2e+2)
  • %E - 使用大写的科学计数法(例如 1.2E+2)
  • %u - 不包含正负号的十进制数(大于等于 0)
  • %f - 浮点数(本地设置)
  • %F - 浮点数(非本地设置)
  • %g - 较短的 %e 和 %f
  • %G - 较短的 %E 和 %f
  • %o - 八进制数
  • %s - 字符串
  • %x - 十六进制数(小写字母)
  • %X - 十六进制数(大写字母)

附加的格式值。必需放置在 % 和字母之间(例如 %.2f):

  • + (在数字前面加上 + 或 - 来定义数字的正负性。默认地,只有负数做标记,正数不做标记)
  • ' (规定使用什么作为填充,默认是空格。它必须与宽度指定器一起使用。)
  • - (左调整变量值)
  • [0-9] (规定变量值的最小宽度)
  • .[0-9] (规定小数位数或最大字符串长度)

注释:如果使用多个上述的格式值,它们必须按照上面的顺序进行使用,不能打乱。

arg1 必需。规定插到 format 字符串中第一个 % 符号处的参数。
arg2 必需。规定插到 format 字符串中第二个 % 符号处的参数。
arg++ 可选。规定插到 format 字符串中第三、四等等 % 符号处的参数。

 

技术细节

返回值: 返回被输出字符串的长度。
PHP 版本: 4+

 

实例

例子 1

使用格式值 %f:

<&#63;php 
$number = 123; 
printf("%f",$number); 
&#63;> 

例子 2

使用占位符:

<&#63;php 
$number = 123; 
printf("有两位小数:%1\$.2f<br>没有小数:%1\$u",$number); 
&#63;> 

例子 3

所有可能的格式值的演示:

<&#63;php 
$num1 = 123456789; 
$num2 = -123456789; 
$char = 50; // ASCII 字符 50 是 2 
 
// 注释:格式值 "%%" 返回百分号 
printf("%%b = %b <br>",$num1); // 二进制数 
printf("%%c = %c <br>",$char); // ASCII 字符 
printf("%%d = %d <br>",$num1); // 带符号的十进制数 
printf("%%d = %d <br>",$num2); // 带符号的十进制数 
printf("%%e = %e <br>",$num1); // 科学计数法(小写) 
printf("%%E = %E <br>",$num1); // 科学计数法(大写) 
printf("%%u = %u <br>",$num1); // 不带符号的十进制数(正) 
printf("%%u = %u <br>",$num2); // 不带符号的十进制数(负) 
printf("%%f = %f <br>",$num1); // 浮点数(视本地设置) 
printf("%%F = %F <br>",$num1); // 浮点数(不视本地设置) 
printf("%%g = %g <br>",$num1); // 短于 %e 和 %f 
printf("%%G = %G <br>",$num1); // 短于 %E 和 %f 
printf("%%o = %o <br>",$num1); // 八进制数 
printf("%%s = %s <br>",$num1); // 字符串 
printf("%%x = %x <br>",$num1); // 十六进制数(小写) 
printf("%%X = %X <br>",$num1); // 十六进制数(大写) 
printf("%%+d = %+d <br>",$num1); // 符号说明符(正) 
printf("%%+d = %+d <br>",$num2); // 符号说明符(负) 
&#63;>

例子 4

字符串说明符的演示:

<&#63;php
$str1 = "Hello";
$str2 = "Hello world!";

printf("[%s]<br>",$str1);
printf("[%8s]<br>",$str1);
printf("[%-8s]<br>",$str1);
printf("[%08s]<br>",$str1);
printf("[%'*8s]<br>",$str1);
printf("[%8.8s]<br>",$str2);
&#63;>

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