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为什么要用转义字符串?

HTML中,&等有特殊含义(,用于链接签,&用于转义),不能直接使用。这些符号是不显示在我们最终看到的网页里的,那如果我们希望在网页中显示这些符号,该怎么办呢?

这就要说到HTML转义字符串(Escape Sequence)了。


转义字符串(Escape Sequence)也称字符实体(Character Entity)。在HTML中,定义转义字符串的原因有两个:第一个原因是像“”这类符号已经用来表示HTML标签,因此就不能直接当作文本中的符号来使用。为了在HTML文档中使用这些符号,就需要定义它的转义字符串。当解释程序遇到这类字符串时就把它解释为真实的字符。在输入转义字符串时,要严格遵守字母大小写的规则。第二个原因是,有些字符在ASCII字符集中没有定义,因此需要使用转义字符串来表示。


转义字符串的组成

转义字符串(Escape Sequence),即字符实体(Character Entity)分成三部分:

第一部分是一个&符号,英文叫ampersand;

第二部分是实体(Entity)名字或者是#加上实体(Entity)编号;

第三部分是一个分号。


比如,要显示小于号(

> & &符号 & & " 双引号 " " © 版权 © © ® 已注册商标 ® ® ? 商标(美国) ? ™ × 乘号 × × ÷ 除号 ÷ ÷

字符 十进制 转义字符
" " "
& & &
< <
> > >
不断开空格(non-breaking space)    

HTML special escape character comparison table Character decimal escape character Character decimal escape character Character Decimal escape character Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Ò Ó Ô Õ
? ¡ ¡ Á Á Á á á á
¢ ¢ Â Â ˆ â â â
£ £ Ã Ã Ã ã ã ã
¤ ¤ ¤ Ä Ä Ä ä ä ä
¥ ¥ Å Å ˚ å å å
| ¦ æ ; æ § § § Ç Ç
ç ç ç ¨ ¨ ¨ È È
è è è © © © É É
é é é a ª ª Ê Ê
ê ê ê ? « « Ë Ë
ë ë ë ? ¬ ¬ Ì Ì
ì ì ì /x7f ­ ­ Í Í
í í í ® ® î ® î
ˉ ¯ ¯ Ï Ï Ï ï ï ï
° ° ° Ð Ð Ð ð ð &ieth;
± ± ± ñ ; 2 ² ² Ò Ò
ò ò ò 3 ³ ³ Ó Ó
ó ó ó ´ ´ Ô Ô
ô ô ô μ µ µ Õ Õ
õ õ õ
? Ö Ö Ö ö ö ö
· · · × × × ÷ ÷ ÷
? ¸ ¸ Ø Ø Ø ø ø ø
1 ¹ ¹ Ù Ù Ù ù ù ù
o º º Ú Ú Ú ú ú ú
? » » Û Û Û û û û
? ¼ ¼ Ü Ü Ü ü ü ü
? ½ ½ Ý Ý Ý ý ý ý
? ¾ ¾ Þ Þ Þ þ þ þ
? ¿ ¿ ß ß ß ÿ ÿ ÿ
À À À à à à

JavaScript转义符:

转义序列 字符
\b 退格
\f 走纸换页
\n 换行
\r 回车
\t 横向跳格 (Ctrl-I)
\' 单引号
\" 双引号
\\ 反斜杠


编程的时候要注意特殊字符的问题,很多运行时出现的问题都是因为特殊字符的出现而引起的。


注意,由于反斜杠本身用作转义符,因此不能直接在脚本中键入一个反斜杠。如果要产生一个反斜杠,必须一起键入两个反斜杠 (\\)。


参考资料:

http://114.xixik.com/character/

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