最近做iOS开发的过程中, 发现要涉及到JS和原生OC(Swift)的交互, 作为一个Developer, 本着克服一切问题的原则, 开始学习HTML, 在这里记录下自己的学习笔记, 方便以后的复习, 和新手初学的参考.
HTML不同于过去学过的各种面向对象语言, 函数式语言, 它不像其他语言有明确的上下文的逻辑关系. 所以并不像其他语言一样需要有什么特定的基础, 希望这句话能让你远离学习过别的语言的阴影.
HTML和CSS以及JavaScript的关系
1. HTML是网页内容的载体.内容就是网页制作者放在页面上想要让用户浏览的信息, 可以包含文字, 图片, 视频等.
2. CSS样式是表现. 就像网页的外衣. 比如，标题字体, 颜色变化, 或为标题加入背景图片, 边框等. 所有这些用来改变内容外观的东西称之为表现.
3. JavaScript是用来实现网页上的特效效果, 如: 鼠标滑过弹出下拉菜单. 或鼠标滑过表格的背景颜色改变. 还有焦点新闻（新闻图片）的轮换. 可以这么理解, 有动画的, 有交互的一般都是用JavaScript来实现的.
1, 语义化
接触过HTML, 或者初学HTML, 我想接触的第一个专业词汇不是标签就是语义化了, 语义化的意义通俗点说就是明白每个标签的用途(不同的标签, 在什么情况下用, 怎么用, 这些就是语义化需要考虑的事情), 比如网页上的文章的标题, 想要在网页上体现的图表, 栏目名称, 段落等等, 都是标签能够实现的, 通过基本的标签加上CSS, 就可以写出一些很优美的页面.
语义化的好处:
1, 更容易被搜索引擎收录.
2, 更容易让屏幕阅读器读出网页内容.
2, 从最简单的程序解释下HTML
作为一个程序员, 大家都应该知道"hello, world", 不管是学C, java, OC等等我想大家写出的第一个都应该是打印函数, 不过HTML是没有函数的, HTML主要是一种文本的显示, 类似于一个文本编辑器, 通过加上恰当的标签, 让文本排布成我们想要的样子, 所以下面是不会出现打印函数的(以后的JavaScript会有).
1 <!DOCTYPE HTML> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 5 <title>我的第一个网页</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <h1 id="Hello-World">Hello World</h1> 9 </body>10 </html>
上面的就是HTML的Hello World.
简单的介绍一下这段代码
首先, 我们从代码中可以发现, 大部分的标签都是成对出现的, 所以分为开始标签和结束标签, 结束标签比开始标签会多出一个" / ", 比如上文中的和.
然后, 我们可以看到, 代码中的标签是可以互相嵌套的, 但是不可以交叉, 中就嵌套了成对的很多标签, 但是却没有任何标签彼此交叉. 例如
这样就可以, 而这样就是不合法的.称为根标签, 所有的网页标签都在中.
标签用于定义文档的头部, 文档的头部描述了文档的各种属性和信息，包括文档的标题等。绝大多数文档头部包含的数据都不会真正作为内容显示给读者, 他是所有头部元素的容器. 头部标签有标题标签
标签, 顾名思义, body也就是身体, 主体, 也就是说网页上面显示在界面上面的内容, 他也是内容标签的容器, 常见的内容标签有分级标题标签
~ , 段落标签
, , 图片标签等. 这些标签中的内容会在网页上面直接的体现出来.
标题标签, 网页中有很多的标题, 比如这篇博客的2, 从最简单的程序解释下HTML就是一个标题, 而标题也有着不同的大小尺寸, HTML中定义了标题的标签分别为
到, 他们会默认加粗, 然后逐级减小字体.
3, 其他的标签
段落标签, 在文章中, 我们需要条理清晰的一个一个段落, 这个时候我们就需要段落标签了, 默认样式中前后都会有空白, 但是并不是我们正常使用中的首行缩进, 它通常不会让我们满意, 所以我们需要用css样式(
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