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HomeWeb Front-endHTML Tutorialcss实现小三角(原理)_html/css_WEB-ITnose

效果图如 图1所示:(简单示范,有点丑,莫介意)

PS:兼容IE,FF , chrome ,360安全浏览器

先讲下原理吧,如 图2所示:

这个div的样式如下所示:

div{ width: 0px; height: 0px; border-width: 20px; border-style: solid; border-color: lightgreen pink yellow lightblue;}

解释:当div的宽高为0时,设border的宽度并设颜色,会发现div像是被分割为4个小三角形,

           因此当我们要其中一个小三角时,只需要将其它三个隐藏即可(方法:把那三条边颜色设为transparent即可)。

 

上三角:( 图3

 

对应的CSS代码:

 

#triangle{ width: 0px; height: 0px; border-width: 20px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent transparent yellow transparent;}

 

为了让它尽可能适应各种浏览器,我们多添加几行代码(主要是解决IE的兼容问题):

 1 #triangle{ 2  width: 0px; 3  height: 0px;<strong> 4  *width: 40px; 5  *height: 40px; 6  font-size: 0; 7  line-height: 0; 8  overflow: hidden;</strong> 9  border-width: 20px;<strong>10  border-style: dashed dashed solid dashed;11  border-color: transparent transparent yellow transparent;</strong>12 }

解释:

①border-color: transparent transparent yellow transparent;

    因为我们要的是上三角,根据图2,我们要保留的是下边框,故把其他三条边设为transparent;

②border-style: dashed dashed solid dashed;

    把其他三边设为dashed,是因为IE6不支持透明属性transparent,故我们把其它三边的样式设为

    dashed,dashed在边框宽度很大时,会隐藏。(因为我的电脑没有ie6,所以没有实践过,这一点有点抱歉)

③font-size: 0;    line-height: 0;    overflow: hidden;

    如果不加这三句,会出现以下效果:

即在IE下,出现的不是三角形,而是梯形。

④最后多加了两句css hack:   *width: 40px;     *height: 40px;

    当时用IE测试效果时,我发现根本找不到小三角,在网上搜各种博客也搜不到相关问题,后来随手加了句

    width&height的样式,小三角就出现了,感觉应该是 在IE下,div的宽高是包括border的(对于这点还是不太懂, 希望有大牛给予解答)。

    为了解决IE下的这个问题,我最后就加了这两句css hack。如果觉得不保险,还可以再加上" _width: 40px;     _height: 40px;"

PS: ① IE6和IE7能识别"*",IE6能识别"_",具体搜索“CSS hack”。

      ② *width应设为 border-width 的两倍,*height同理。

 

对于下三角,左三角,右三角,只需改变上三角中的两句CSS即可,其他无需改变,改变的代码分别如下所示。

下三角:

border-style: solid dashed dashed dashed;border-color: lightgreen transparent transparent transparent;

左三角:

border-style: dashed solid dashed dashed;border-color: transparent pink transparent transparent;

右三角:

border-style: dashed dashed dashed solid;border-color: transparent transparent transparent lightblue;

 

最后,给出效果图1的代码:

 1 /* css */ 2 *{ 3  margin: 0px; 4  padding: 0px; 5  text-align: center; 6 } 7 #container{ 8  position: relative; //这句很重要,因为小三角是相对父元素#container来绝对定位的 9  width: 50px;10  height: 40px;11  border:1px solid lightblue;12  margin: 200px auto;13  padding: 20px;14  15 }16 #chat{17  width: 50px;18  height: 40px;19  background-color: lightblue;20 }21 #triangle{22  position: absolute; //设置小三角绝对定位23  width: 0px;24  height: 0px;25  *width: 14px;26  *height: 14px;27  font-size: 0;28  line-height: 0;29  overflow: hidden;30  border-width: 7px;31  border-style: dashed dashed dashed solid;32  border-color: transparent transparent transparent lightblue;33  top: 33px; //33px:父元素#container的内边距20px + #chat宽度的一半20px - 自身元素#triangle的边宽7px =33px34  left: 70px; //70px: #chat的宽度50px + 父元素#container的内边距20px =70px35 }

 

/* html代码 */<div id="container"> <div id="chat"></div> <div id="triangle"></div></div>

 

如有不足之处,欢迎批评建议,  O(∩_∩)O谢谢

 

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