学习要点：
1.HTML5 文档结构
2.文档结构解析
3.元素标签探讨
主讲教师：李炎恢
本章主要先从 HTML5 的文档结构谈起。 这些基础元素确定了 HTML 文档的轮廓以及浏览器的初始环境。几乎所有页面都必须首先键入这些元素。
一．HTML5 文档结构
1.第一步：打开 Sublime Text 3，打开指定文件夹；
2.第二步：保存 index.html 文件到磁盘中，.html 是网页后缀；
3.第三步：开始编写 HTML5 的基本格式。
<!DOCTYPE html> //文档类型声明<html lang="zh-cn"> //表示 HTML 文档开始 <head> //包含文档元数据开始 <meta charset="utf-8"> //声明字符编码 <title>基本结构</title> //设置文档标题 </head> //包含文档元数据结束 <body> //表示 HTML 文档内容 <a href="http://www.baidu.com">百度</a> //一个超链接元素（标签） </body> //表示 HTML</html> //表示 HTML 文档结束
二．文档结构解析
1.Doctype
文档类型声明（Document Type Declaration，也称 Doctype）。它主要告诉浏览器所查看的文件类型。 在以往的 HTML4.01 和XHTML1.0 中， 它表示具体的 HTML 版本和风格。而如今 HTML5 不需要表示版本和风格了。
<!DOCTYPE html> //不分区大小写
2.html 元素
首先，元素就是标签的意思，html 元素即 html 标签。html 元素是文档开始和结尾的元素。它是一个双标签，头尾呼应，包含内容。这个元素有一个属性和值：lang="zh-cn"，表示文档采用语言为：简体中文。
<html lang="zh-cn"> //如果是英文则为 en
3.head 元素
用来包含元数据内容，元数据包括：、、
<head>...</head> //这些信息在页面不可见
4.meta 元素
这个元素用来提供关于文档的信息，起始结构有一个属性为：charset="utf8"。表示告诉浏览器页面采用的什么编码，一般来说我们就用 utf8。当然，文件保存的时候也是utf8，而浏览器也设置 utf8 即可正确显示中文。
<meta charset="utf-8"> //除了设置编码，还有别的
5.title 元素
这个元素很简单，顾名思义：设置浏览器左上角的标题。
<title>基本结构</title>
6.body 元素
用来包含文档内容的元素，也就是浏览器可见区域部分。所有的可见内容，都应该在这个元素内部进行添加。
<body>...</body>
7.a 元素
一个超链接，后面会详细探讨。
<a href="http://www.baidu.com">百度</a>
三．元素标签探讨
HTML 是一种标记语言，刚才的结构我们已经详细探讨过。这里，我们再剖析一下这些“标记”或者叫“标签”，书面上经常称作为“元素”的东西是怎么构成的。
1.元素
元素就是一组告诉浏览器如何处理一些内容的标签。每个元素都有一个关键字，比如
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