unicode字符集是我们世界上最完善最全面的字符集,几乎包含了世界上所有的字符。其实可以这么理解,unicode字符集是一张巨大的表格,把世界上各种语言的字符和标点符号都编排到里面,然后按照一定的顺序给每个字符排号(很遗憾的是对于中文来说,这个顺序不是按照汉语拼音的顺序)。有了这张巨大的表格,世界上大部分字符就都有一个unicode内码(整数)来对应。计算机就通过记录字符的unicode码来表示这个字符,然后交给操作系统,操作系统通过unicode码到字符字体点阵的映射把这个内码转换成字体点阵显示到我们的屏幕上。
utf8是我们常用的编码方式,在web开发中使用utf8编码能完全解决字符集问题。其实utf8是unicode字符集的一种物理实现,它描述了如何高效的存储unicode的内码(就是上面说的字符在字符集的顺序码),RFC2044文档(http: //www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2044.txt?number=2044)描述了如何从一个内码转换成utf8格式的算法。英文不好没关系,看这个转换表就会马上明白了:
UCS-4 range (hex.) UTF-8 octet sequence (binary)
0000 0000-0000 007F 0xxxxxxx
0000 0080-0000 07FF 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
0000 0800-0000 FFFF 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
0001 0000-001F FFFF 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
0020 0000-03FF FFFF 111110xx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
0400 0000-7FFF FFFF 1111110x 10xxxxxx ... 10xxxxxx
上面的表格左边是16进制表示的unicode内码,最后一行的16进制数“7FFF FFFF”是utf8所能表示的内码的最大值,换成10进制是这样的一个数:2147483647(够大吧:))[对不起,此文最初这儿写错了,已改正]。上面表格中右边一列就是utf8的二进制格式,转换规则可谓一目了然。我直接给出算法吧(js代码):
function toUtf8(code)
{
var iByte=0;
var i=0;
result="";
while(code>0x7f)
{
iByte=code%0x40;
code=(code-iByte)/0x40;
result="%"+(iByte|0x80).toString(16).toUpperCase()+result;
i++;
}
prefix=[0x0,0xc0,0xe0,0xf0,0xf8,0xfc];
if(i>prefix.length)
{
i=5;
}
result=""+(code|prefix[i]).toString(16).toUpperCase()+result;
return result;
}
例如字符"汉"的unicode是6C49,把这个unicode字符表示为一个大整数,然后转变成多字节编码110110001001001:
观察这个整数的二进制码序列(110,110001,001001)
从后往前取
如果这个二进制序列只有后7位(小于128,也就是ascii字符)则直接取后7位二进制数形成一个utf8字符。
上面的字符“汉”二进制序列大于7位,所以取后6位(1001001),加10形成一个utf8字节(10 001001 ,16进制89)。
剩下的二进制序列(110,110001)从后向前取6位,加10形成一个utf8字节(10 110001,16进制B1)。
剩下的二进制序列(110)从后向前取6位,由于不足6位,将这个数和1110000相或,得到字符11100110,16进制E6
最后,就得到了utf8编码,16进制表示为E6B189
【Application Areas】
Although most of this standard algorithm has been implemented by development tool providers or libraries, we still need to implement this algorithm ourselves at some point:
character, the server uses the above algorithm to convert the unicode serial number after u into utf8 character Use the above algorithm combined with escape to directly implement the encodeURI function on the client (this solution is recommended)
Implement json-rpc service
in the form of "uXXXX". So we need to convert the server-side characters into json. For php, there are now two open source projects
JSON-PHP and PHP-JSON. .

JavaScript is at the heart of modern websites because it enhances the interactivity and dynamicity of web pages. 1) It allows to change content without refreshing the page, 2) manipulate web pages through DOMAPI, 3) support complex interactive effects such as animation and drag-and-drop, 4) optimize performance and best practices to improve user experience.

C and JavaScript achieve interoperability through WebAssembly. 1) C code is compiled into WebAssembly module and introduced into JavaScript environment to enhance computing power. 2) In game development, C handles physics engines and graphics rendering, and JavaScript is responsible for game logic and user interface.

JavaScript is widely used in websites, mobile applications, desktop applications and server-side programming. 1) In website development, JavaScript operates DOM together with HTML and CSS to achieve dynamic effects and supports frameworks such as jQuery and React. 2) Through ReactNative and Ionic, JavaScript is used to develop cross-platform mobile applications. 3) The Electron framework enables JavaScript to build desktop applications. 4) Node.js allows JavaScript to run on the server side and supports high concurrent requests.

Python is more suitable for data science and automation, while JavaScript is more suitable for front-end and full-stack development. 1. Python performs well in data science and machine learning, using libraries such as NumPy and Pandas for data processing and modeling. 2. Python is concise and efficient in automation and scripting. 3. JavaScript is indispensable in front-end development and is used to build dynamic web pages and single-page applications. 4. JavaScript plays a role in back-end development through Node.js and supports full-stack development.

C and C play a vital role in the JavaScript engine, mainly used to implement interpreters and JIT compilers. 1) C is used to parse JavaScript source code and generate an abstract syntax tree. 2) C is responsible for generating and executing bytecode. 3) C implements the JIT compiler, optimizes and compiles hot-spot code at runtime, and significantly improves the execution efficiency of JavaScript.

JavaScript's application in the real world includes front-end and back-end development. 1) Display front-end applications by building a TODO list application, involving DOM operations and event processing. 2) Build RESTfulAPI through Node.js and Express to demonstrate back-end applications.

The main uses of JavaScript in web development include client interaction, form verification and asynchronous communication. 1) Dynamic content update and user interaction through DOM operations; 2) Client verification is carried out before the user submits data to improve the user experience; 3) Refreshless communication with the server is achieved through AJAX technology.

Understanding how JavaScript engine works internally is important to developers because it helps write more efficient code and understand performance bottlenecks and optimization strategies. 1) The engine's workflow includes three stages: parsing, compiling and execution; 2) During the execution process, the engine will perform dynamic optimization, such as inline cache and hidden classes; 3) Best practices include avoiding global variables, optimizing loops, using const and lets, and avoiding excessive use of closures.


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