search

这几天,由于工作原因,需要将一个php写的后台程序重串行执行改成并行执行。这样必然涉及到多线程/多进程相关技术。PHP貌似没有成熟的多线程机制,而有相对成熟的多进程机制。多进程编程,必然涉及到IPC(Inter-Process Communication)。PHP的IPC技术还是相当多的,可以在php源代码目录下(PHP_SRC/ext)看到sysvshm,sysvsem,sysvmsg,shmop等扩展,这些都可以用于IPC,下面简单介绍一下:

pcntl - 提供进程相关操作函数 sysvsem - 信号量,全称为system V semphore,可以用于限制访问共享资源的进程数目,一般设置为1,当作互斥锁使用 sysvshm - 共享内存,全称system V shared memory,用于提供共享内存机制,特点是省去了客户代码序列化和反序列化的麻烦,变量级别的访问控制,十分好用,属于菜鸟使用的方式。 shmop - 共享内存操作扩展,与sysvshm的区别在于是比特级别的控制,需要手动序列化和反序列化,但是如果紧缺使用,内存使用率比sysvshm高,属于高手进阶方式。 sysvmsg - 消息队列,一种特殊的共享内存,具体使用可以参见这里。

 

下面是使用sysvsem的列子,作为备忘,具体的内容参见代码,这里只提出几个关键需要注意的地方:

shm_attach和sem_get的方法的key需要与主进程ID关联,避免两个组件同时运行打搅,因为共享内存和信号量是系统级别的资源,进程之间会公用,如果不处理,会导致多个实例之间出现混乱。 父进程在等待子进程时,忙等会消耗大量CPU,采用sleep的方式,可以避免忙等。 父进程等待子进程最好有超时机制,避免无限制等待 子进程逻辑必须在规定的地方退出,不能执行父进程的代码,否则会混乱。常见的方式是用try catch包裹子进程的逻辑,抓到异常后,退出。

 

 

<?phpdefine('PROC_NUM', 12);define('SRC_NUM', 20);define('TIME_OUT', 60); // 父进程等待超时,单位:秒$arr = array();for ($i = 0; $i < SRC_NUM; ++$i) {    $arr[] = $i;}$sArr = serialize($arr); echo "parent id: " . posix_getpid() . "\n"; // create share memory$nShmID = shm_attach(ftok(__FILE__, 'i') . + posix_getpid(), strlen($sArr) * 2); // 采用主进程id作为key的部分,避免主进程之间干扰if ($nShmID == FALSE) {    die("Failed to create shm\n");} // write the array to the shared memory$nArrKey = 1;if (FALSE == shm_put_var($nShmID, $nArrKey, $arr)) {    die('Failed to write array to shm');} // create semphore$nSemID = sem_get(posix_getpid(), 1); // 采用主进程id作为key,避免主进程之间干扰 // child process consume the data in the shmfor($i = 0; $i < PROC_NUM; ++$i) {    $nPID = pcntl_fork();         if ($nPID == 0) {        // child        $arrProcess = array();        while (true) {            sem_acquire($nSemID);                         // get the value            $arrCur = shm_get_var($nShmID, $nArrKey);                         if (0 == count($arrCur) || $arrCur == FALSE) {                // value out                sem_release($nSemID);                break;            }            $nVal = array_pop($arrCur);            if (FALSE == shm_put_var($nShmID, $nArrKey, $arrCur)) {                die('Failed to write array to shm');            }            sem_release($nSemID);                         // simulate process value            sleep(rand(1,3));            $arrProcess[] = $nVal;        }                 echo "Child process " . posix_getpid() . " consume: ";        echo implode(' ',$arrProcess) . "\n";        exit(0); // 子进程逻辑一定要在这里退出,不能执行父进程代码    }} // wait for childrenecho "wait children\n";$n = 0;$nStart = time();while ($n < PROC_NUM && (time() - $nStart < TIME_OUT)) { // 父进程等待有超时机制,避免无限等待    //echo "wait ... \n";    $nStatus = -1;    $nPID = pcntl_wait($nStatus, WNOHANG);    if ($nPID > 0) {        echo "{$nPID} exit\n";        ++$n;    }    sleep(1); // 避免忙等} // clear shm//shm_detach($nShmID);sem_remove($nSemID);shm_remove($nShmID);echo "finished\n";?>

 


相关资料
PHP IPC: http://blog.csdn.net/eroswang/article/details/2195260
PHP IPC system v 和shmop:  http://liangfen1224.blog.163.com/blog/static/72377647201111163317325/

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
PHP Dependency Injection Container: A Quick StartPHP Dependency Injection Container: A Quick StartMay 13, 2025 am 12:11 AM

APHPDependencyInjectionContainerisatoolthatmanagesclassdependencies,enhancingcodemodularity,testability,andmaintainability.Itactsasacentralhubforcreatingandinjectingdependencies,thusreducingtightcouplingandeasingunittesting.

Dependency Injection vs. Service Locator in PHPDependency Injection vs. Service Locator in PHPMay 13, 2025 am 12:10 AM

Select DependencyInjection (DI) for large applications, ServiceLocator is suitable for small projects or prototypes. 1) DI improves the testability and modularity of the code through constructor injection. 2) ServiceLocator obtains services through center registration, which is convenient but may lead to an increase in code coupling.

PHP performance optimization strategies.PHP performance optimization strategies.May 13, 2025 am 12:06 AM

PHPapplicationscanbeoptimizedforspeedandefficiencyby:1)enablingopcacheinphp.ini,2)usingpreparedstatementswithPDOfordatabasequeries,3)replacingloopswitharray_filterandarray_mapfordataprocessing,4)configuringNginxasareverseproxy,5)implementingcachingwi

PHP Email Validation: Ensuring Emails Are Sent CorrectlyPHP Email Validation: Ensuring Emails Are Sent CorrectlyMay 13, 2025 am 12:06 AM

PHPemailvalidationinvolvesthreesteps:1)Formatvalidationusingregularexpressionstochecktheemailformat;2)DNSvalidationtoensurethedomainhasavalidMXrecord;3)SMTPvalidation,themostthoroughmethod,whichchecksifthemailboxexistsbyconnectingtotheSMTPserver.Impl

How to make PHP applications fasterHow to make PHP applications fasterMay 12, 2025 am 12:12 AM

TomakePHPapplicationsfaster,followthesesteps:1)UseOpcodeCachinglikeOPcachetostoreprecompiledscriptbytecode.2)MinimizeDatabaseQueriesbyusingquerycachingandefficientindexing.3)LeveragePHP7 Featuresforbettercodeefficiency.4)ImplementCachingStrategiessuc

PHP Performance Optimization Checklist: Improve Speed NowPHP Performance Optimization Checklist: Improve Speed NowMay 12, 2025 am 12:07 AM

ToimprovePHPapplicationspeed,followthesesteps:1)EnableopcodecachingwithAPCutoreducescriptexecutiontime.2)ImplementdatabasequerycachingusingPDOtominimizedatabasehits.3)UseHTTP/2tomultiplexrequestsandreduceconnectionoverhead.4)Limitsessionusagebyclosin

PHP Dependency Injection: Improve Code TestabilityPHP Dependency Injection: Improve Code TestabilityMay 12, 2025 am 12:03 AM

Dependency injection (DI) significantly improves the testability of PHP code by explicitly transitive dependencies. 1) DI decoupling classes and specific implementations make testing and maintenance more flexible. 2) Among the three types, the constructor injects explicit expression dependencies to keep the state consistent. 3) Use DI containers to manage complex dependencies to improve code quality and development efficiency.

PHP Performance Optimization: Database Query OptimizationPHP Performance Optimization: Database Query OptimizationMay 12, 2025 am 12:02 AM

DatabasequeryoptimizationinPHPinvolvesseveralstrategiestoenhanceperformance.1)Selectonlynecessarycolumnstoreducedatatransfer.2)Useindexingtospeedupdataretrieval.3)Implementquerycachingtostoreresultsoffrequentqueries.4)Utilizepreparedstatementsforeffi

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Dreamweaver Mac version

Dreamweaver Mac version

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.