search

这几天,由于工作原因,需要将一个php写的后台程序重串行执行改成并行执行。这样必然涉及到多线程/多进程相关技术。PHP貌似没有成熟的多线程机制,而有相对成熟的多进程机制。多进程编程,必然涉及到IPC(Inter-Process Communication)。PHP的IPC技术还是相当多的,可以在php源代码目录下(PHP_SRC/ext)看到sysvshm,sysvsem,sysvmsg,shmop等扩展,这些都可以用于IPC,下面简单介绍一下:

pcntl - 提供进程相关操作函数 sysvsem - 信号量,全称为system V semphore,可以用于限制访问共享资源的进程数目,一般设置为1,当作互斥锁使用 sysvshm - 共享内存,全称system V shared memory,用于提供共享内存机制,特点是省去了客户代码序列化和反序列化的麻烦,变量级别的访问控制,十分好用,属于菜鸟使用的方式。 shmop - 共享内存操作扩展,与sysvshm的区别在于是比特级别的控制,需要手动序列化和反序列化,但是如果紧缺使用,内存使用率比sysvshm高,属于高手进阶方式。 sysvmsg - 消息队列,一种特殊的共享内存,具体使用可以参见这里。

 

下面是使用sysvsem的列子,作为备忘,具体的内容参见代码,这里只提出几个关键需要注意的地方:

shm_attach和sem_get的方法的key需要与主进程ID关联,避免两个组件同时运行打搅,因为共享内存和信号量是系统级别的资源,进程之间会公用,如果不处理,会导致多个实例之间出现混乱。 父进程在等待子进程时,忙等会消耗大量CPU,采用sleep的方式,可以避免忙等。 父进程等待子进程最好有超时机制,避免无限制等待 子进程逻辑必须在规定的地方退出,不能执行父进程的代码,否则会混乱。常见的方式是用try catch包裹子进程的逻辑,抓到异常后,退出。

 

 

<?phpdefine('PROC_NUM', 12);define('SRC_NUM', 20);define('TIME_OUT', 60); // 父进程等待超时,单位:秒$arr = array();for ($i = 0; $i < SRC_NUM; ++$i) {    $arr[] = $i;}$sArr = serialize($arr); echo "parent id: " . posix_getpid() . "\n"; // create share memory$nShmID = shm_attach(ftok(__FILE__, 'i') . + posix_getpid(), strlen($sArr) * 2); // 采用主进程id作为key的部分,避免主进程之间干扰if ($nShmID == FALSE) {    die("Failed to create shm\n");} // write the array to the shared memory$nArrKey = 1;if (FALSE == shm_put_var($nShmID, $nArrKey, $arr)) {    die('Failed to write array to shm');} // create semphore$nSemID = sem_get(posix_getpid(), 1); // 采用主进程id作为key,避免主进程之间干扰 // child process consume the data in the shmfor($i = 0; $i < PROC_NUM; ++$i) {    $nPID = pcntl_fork();         if ($nPID == 0) {        // child        $arrProcess = array();        while (true) {            sem_acquire($nSemID);                         // get the value            $arrCur = shm_get_var($nShmID, $nArrKey);                         if (0 == count($arrCur) || $arrCur == FALSE) {                // value out                sem_release($nSemID);                break;            }            $nVal = array_pop($arrCur);            if (FALSE == shm_put_var($nShmID, $nArrKey, $arrCur)) {                die('Failed to write array to shm');            }            sem_release($nSemID);                         // simulate process value            sleep(rand(1,3));            $arrProcess[] = $nVal;        }                 echo "Child process " . posix_getpid() . " consume: ";        echo implode(' ',$arrProcess) . "\n";        exit(0); // 子进程逻辑一定要在这里退出,不能执行父进程代码    }} // wait for childrenecho "wait children\n";$n = 0;$nStart = time();while ($n < PROC_NUM && (time() - $nStart < TIME_OUT)) { // 父进程等待有超时机制,避免无限等待    //echo "wait ... \n";    $nStatus = -1;    $nPID = pcntl_wait($nStatus, WNOHANG);    if ($nPID > 0) {        echo "{$nPID} exit\n";        ++$n;    }    sleep(1); // 避免忙等} // clear shm//shm_detach($nShmID);sem_remove($nSemID);shm_remove($nShmID);echo "finished\n";?>

 


相关资料
PHP IPC: http://blog.csdn.net/eroswang/article/details/2195260
PHP IPC system v 和shmop:  http://liangfen1224.blog.163.com/blog/static/72377647201111163317325/

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
The Continued Use of PHP: Reasons for Its EnduranceThe Continued Use of PHP: Reasons for Its EnduranceApr 19, 2025 am 12:23 AM

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python: Exploring Their Similarities and DifferencesPHP and Python: Exploring Their Similarities and DifferencesApr 19, 2025 am 12:21 AM

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages ​​that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP and Python: Different Paradigms ExplainedPHP and Python: Different Paradigms ExplainedApr 18, 2025 am 12:26 AM

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their HistoryPHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their HistoryApr 18, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

Choosing Between PHP and Python: A GuideChoosing Between PHP and Python: A GuideApr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP and Frameworks: Modernizing the LanguagePHP and Frameworks: Modernizing the LanguageApr 18, 2025 am 12:14 AM

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHP's Impact: Web Development and BeyondPHP's Impact: Web Development and BeyondApr 18, 2025 am 12:10 AM

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types?Apr 17, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values ​​and handle functions that may return null values.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Atom editor mac version download

Atom editor mac version download

The most popular open source editor

SublimeText3 Linux new version

SublimeText3 Linux new version

SublimeText3 Linux latest version

mPDF

mPDF

mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.