Static关键字
声明类成员或方法为static,就可以不实例化类而直接访问。不能通过一个对象来访问其中的静态成员(静态方法除外)。
为了兼容PHP4,如果没有指定“可见性”,属性和方法默认为public。
由于静态方法不需要通过对象即可调用,所以伪变量$this在静态方法中不可用。
静态属性不可以由对象通过->操作符来访问。
用::方式调用一个非静态方法会导致一个E_STRICT级别的错误。
就像其它所有的PHP静态变量一样,静态属性只能被初始化为一个字符值或一个常量,不能使用表达式。 所以你可以把静态属性初始化为整型或数组,但不能指向另一个变量或函数返回值,也不能指向一个对象。
PHP5.3.0之后,我们可以用一个变量来动态调用类。但该变量的值不能为关键字self, parent或static。
Example #1 静态成员代码示例
class Foo
{
public static $my_static = 'foo';
public function staticValue() {
return self::$my_static;
}
}
class Bar extends Foo
{
public function fooStatic() {
return parent::$my_static;
}
}
print Foo::$my_static . " ";
$foo = new Foo();
print $foo->staticValue() . " ";
print $foo->my_static . " "; // Undefined "Property" my_static
print $foo::$my_static . " ";
$classname = 'Foo';
print $classname::$my_static . " "; // PHP 5.3.0之后可以动态调用
print Bar::$my_static . " ";
$bar = new Bar();
print $bar->fooStatic() . " ";
?>
Example #2 静态方法代码示例
class Foo {
public static function aStaticMethod() {
// ...
}
}
Foo::aStaticMethod();
$classname = 'Foo';
$classname::aStaticMethod(); // As of PHP 5.3.0
?>
来源:http://www.php100.com/cover/php/83.html

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