大家都知道,验证码在网站注册,登录以及很多的时候都是必备的功能。没有了验证码,网站的安全性在很大程度上就受到了威胁。所以说,验证码是网站开发过程中不可或缺的一个功能,验证码的效果直接影响到网站的安全性。(这里博主也顺便吐槽一下,验证码这功能着实蛋疼,动不动就要输个验证码,看着真心烦。前段时间12306还出了个动态验证码,尼玛我想说全宿舍没有人能输入正确。只希望赶快出个替代性的功能,结束这个操蛋功能,我想没几个用户喜欢整天对着验证码吧)。好了,废话不说了。
先用思维导图理清整体思路:
在auth.php中使用GD库进行画图,布置验证码背景,将随机生成的字符串添加到背景中,同时将字符串存到session中,保证在任何页面中都可以抠出这验证码。在form.html中写个简单的登录表格,重点是有验证码环节,用标签加载auth.php中的验证码。然后将数据提交到submit.php页面。在submit.php中,首先进行验证码验证(这里不讨论username和password),看session中存的字符串和form.html提交上来的验证码的字符串是否相同,在这里之前为了不区分大小写,一律将字符串转为小写。若字符串相同,则进行页面跳转。若不同则返回登录页面。
<?phpheader ("content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8");//开启sessionsession_start();//准备画布$im=imagecreatetruecolor(50,25);//准备涂料$black=imagecolorallocate($im,0,0,0);$gray=imagecolorallocate($im,200,200,200);//背景填充imagefill($im,0,0,$gray);//文字居中$x=(50-10*4)/2;$y=(25-5)/2+5;//准备文字$arr=array_merge(range(0,9),range('a','z'),range('A','Z'));shuffle($arr);$str=implode(array_slice($arr,0,4));//把$str放入session中,方便所有页面中调用$_SESSION['vstr']=$str;$file="fonts/simsun.ttc";imagettftext($im,10,0,$x,$y,$black,$file,$str);//输出到浏览器上或保存起来header("content-type:image/png");imagepng($im);//关闭画布imagedestory($im);?>
(1)header头部前面不能够有任何的输出
(2)在使用session之前必须开启session
2.form.html<meta charset="utf-8"> <title>登录</title> <style> table{ border-collapse:collapse; } img{ margin-top:5px; } </style> <h2 id="用户登录页面">用户登录页面</h2> <hr>
(2)尽量保证文本框和验证码的协调
3.submit.php<?phpheader ("content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8");session_start();$code=strtolower($_POST['vcode']);$str=strtolower($_SESSION['vstr']); if($code==$str){ //页面跳转 echo "<script>location='http://www.baidu.com'";}else{ echo "<script>alert('验证码输入错误');</script>"; echo "<a href="form.html">返回登录页面</a>"; }?>(1)使用strtolower()将字符串全部转为小写,就免去了验证码区分大小写的麻烦过程。
(2)使用if语句进行判断两个字符串相等是否为true。
(3)里面加了一点js的东西,在<script>location=''</script>的引号中添加需要跳转的地址,就能直接跳转。当然用header()也行,但是header()前面不能有输出,局限性太大。最好还是用js。

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