最近在看一些分布式方面的文章,所以就用php实现一致性hash来练练手,以前一般用的是最原始的hash取模做分布式,当生产过程中添加或删除一台memcache都会造成数据的全部失效,一致性hash就是为了解决这个问题,把失效数据降到最低,相关资料可以google一下!
php实现效率有一定的缺失,如果要高效率,还是写扩展比较好
经测试,5个memcache,每个memcache生成100个虚拟节点,set加get1000次,与单个memcache直接set加get慢5倍,所以效率一般,有待优化!
实现过程:
memcache的配置 ip+端口+虚拟节点序列号 做hash,使用的是crc32,形成一个闭环。
对要操作的key进行crc32
二分法在虚拟节点环中查找最近的一个虚拟节点
从虚拟节点中提取真实的memcache ip和端口,做单例连接
<?php/*** 一致性哈希memcache分布式,采用的是虚拟节点的方式解决分布均匀性问题,查找节点采用二分法快速查找* the last known user to change this file in the repository <$LastChangedBy: nash.xiong [ DISCUZ_CODE_0 ]gt;* @author nash.xiong <nash.xiong@gmail.com>* @copyright Copyright © 2003-2012 phpd.cn* @license */class memcacheHashMap { private $_node = array(); private $_nodeData = array(); private $_keyNode = 0; private $_memcache = null; //每个物理服务器生成虚拟节点个数 [注:节点数越多,cache分布的均匀性越好,同时set get操作时,也更耗资源,10台物理服务器,采用200较为合理] private $_virtualNodeNum = 200; private function __construct() { /* 放入配置文件 */ $config = array( '127.0.0.1:11211', '127.0.0.1:11212', '127.0.0.1:11213', '127.0.0.1:11214', '127.0.0.1:11215' ); if (!$config) throw new Exception('Cache config NULL'); foreach ($config as $key => $value) { for ($i = 0; $i < $this->_virtualNodeNum; $i++) { $this->_node[sprintf("%u", crc32($value . '_' . $i))] = $value . '_' . $i; } } ksort($this->_node); } private function __clone(){} /** * 单例,保证只有一个实例 */ static public function getInstance() { static $memcacheObj = null; if (!is_object($memcacheObj)) { $memcacheObj = new self(); } return $memcacheObj; } /** * 根据key做一致性hash后连接到一台物理memcache服务器 * @param string $key */ private function _connectMemcache($key) { $this->_nodeData = array_keys($this->_node); $this->_keyNode = sprintf("%u", crc32($key)); $nodeKey = $this->_findServerNode(); //如果超出环,从头再用二分法查找一个最近的,然后环的头尾做判断,取最接近的节点 if ($this->_keyNode > end($this->_nodeData)) { $this->_keyNode -= end($this->_nodeData); $nodeKey2 = $this->_findServerNode(); if (abs($nodeKey2 - $this->_keyNode) < abs($nodeKey - $this->_keyNode)) $nodeKey = $nodeKey2; } var_dump($this->_node[$nodeKey]); list($config, $num) = explode('_', $this->_node[$nodeKey]); if (!$config) throw new Exception('Cache config Error'); if (!isset($this->_memcache[$config])) { $this->_memcache[$config] = new Memcache; list($host, $port) = explode(':', $config); $this->_memcache[$config]->connect($host, $port); } return $this->_memcache[$config]; } /** * 采用二分法从虚拟memcache节点中查找最近的节点 * @param unknown_type $m * @param unknown_type $b */ private function _findServerNode($m = 0, $b = 0) { $total = count($this->_nodeData); if ($total != 0 && $b == 0) $b = $total - 1; if ($m < $b){ $avg = intval(($m+$b) / 2); if ($this->_nodeData[$avg] == $this->_keyNode) return $this->_nodeData[$avg]; elseif ($this->_keyNode < $this->_nodeData[$avg] && ($avg-1 >= 0)) return $this->_findServerNode($m, $avg-1); else return $this->_findServerNode($avg+1, $b); } if (abs($this->_nodeData[$b] - $this->_keyNode) < abs($this->_nodeData[$m] - $this->_keyNode)) return $this->_nodeData[$b]; else return $this->_nodeData[$m]; } public function set($key, $value, $expire = 0) { return $this->_connectMemcache($key)->set($key, json_encode($value), 0, $expire); } public function add($key, $value, $expire = 0) { return $this->_connectMemcache($key)->add($key, json_encode($value), 0, $expire); } public function get($key) { return json_decode($this->_connectMemcache($key)->get($key), true); } public function delete($key) { return $this->_connectMemcache($key)->delete($key); } }
$runData['BEGIN_TIME'] = microtime(true);//测试一万次set加getfor($i=0;$i<10000;$i++) { $key = md5(mt_rand()); $b = memcacheHashMap::getInstance()->set($key, time(), 10);}var_dump(number_format(microtime(true) - $runData['BEGIN_TIME'],6));$runData['BEGIN_TIME'] = microtime(true); $m= new Memcache;$m->connect('127.0.0.1', 11211); for($i=0;$i<10000;$i++) { $key = md5(mt_rand()); $b = $m->set($key, time(), 0, 10);}var_dump(number_format(microtime(true) - $runData['BEGIN_TIME'],6));
//测试结果,采用一致性哈希分布效率比原生单台速度相差5倍左右

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