PHP 5.6
1、可以使用表达式定义常量
https://php.net/manual/zh/migration56.new-features.php
在之前的 PHP 版本中,必须使用静态值来定义常量,声明属性以及指定函数参数默认值。 现在你可以使用包括数值、字符串字面量以及其他常量在内的数值表达式来 定义常量、声明属性以及设置函数参数默认值。
<?phpconst ONE = 1;const TWO = ONE * 2; //定义常量时允许使用之前定义的常量进行计算class C { const THREE = TWO + 1; const ONE_THIRD = ONE / self::THREE; const SENTENCE = 'The value of THREE is '.self::THREE; public function f($a = ONE + self::THREE) { //允许常量作为函数参数默认值 return $a; }}echo (new C)->f()."\n";echo C::SENTENCE;?>
可以通过 const 关键字来定义类型为 array 的常量。
<?phpconst ARR = ['a', 'b'];echo ARR[0];?>
2、使用 ... 运算符定义变长参数函数
现在可以不依赖 func_get_args(), 使用 ... 运算符 来实现 变长参数函数。
<?phpfunction test(...$args){ print_r($args);}test(1,2,3);//输出Array( [0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3)?>
3、使用 ** 进行幂运算
加入右连接运算符 ** 来进行幂运算。 同时还支持简写的 **= 运算符,表示进行幂运算并赋值。
printf(2 ** 3); // 8$a = 2;$a **= 3;printf($a); // 8
4、use function 以及 use const
use 运算符可以在类中导入外部的函数和常量了。 对应的结构为 use function 和 use const。
<?phpnamespace Name\Space { const FOO = 42; function f() { echo __FUNCTION__."\n"; }}namespace { use const Name\Space\FOO; use function Name\Space\f; echo FOO."\n"; f();}?>
5、加入 hash_equals() 函数,以恒定的时间消耗来进行字符串比较,以避免时序攻击
<?php$expected = crypt('12345', '$2a$07$usesomesillystringforsalt$');$incorrect = crypt('1234', '$2a$07$usesomesillystringforsalt$');var_dump(hash_equals($expected, $incorrect)); // false?>
6、加入 __debugInfo()
当使用 var_dump() 输出对象的时候,可以用来控制要输出的属性和值。
<?phpclass C { private $prop; public function __construct($val) { $this->prop = $val; } public function __debugInfo() { return $this->prop; }}var_dump(new C(42));?>PHP 5.5
1、新增 Generators
yield关键字用于当函数需要返回一个迭代器的时候, 逐个返回值。
function number10(){ for($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i += 1) yield $i;}
该函数的返回值是一个数组:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
2、新增 finally 关键字
Finally处理流程:
3、foreach 支持 list()
foreach 支持通过 list() 将嵌套数组分离到单独的变量。
<?php$array = [ [1, 2], [3, 4],];foreach ($array as list($a, $b)) { echo $a.$b\n";}?>
4、empty() 支持传入一个任意表达式,而不仅是一个变量
<?phpfunction always_false() { return false;}if (empty(always_false())) { echo 'This will be printed.';}```##5、直接通过下标获取访问数组和字符串字面量的元素或字符```echo [1, 2, 3][0]; // 1echo 'PHP'[0]; // P```##6、新的密码哈希 APIhttps://php.net/manual/zh/book.password.php缺点是缺乏互操作性,在需要和其他语言对接时会比较麻烦。```//加密echo $hash = password_hash('rasmuslerdorf', PASSWORD_DEFAULT);//输出结果类似于:$2y$10$.vGA1O9wmRjrwAVXD98HNOgsNpDczlqm3Jq7KnEd1rVAGv3Fykk1a//验证if(password_verify('rasmuslerdorf','$2y$10$.vGA1O9wmRjrwAVXD98HNOgsNpDczlqm3Jq7KnEd1rVAGv3Fykk1a')) { echo "密码正确";} else { echo "密码错误";}```##7、新增 boolval() 函数PHP已经实现了strval、intval和floatval的函数。为了达到一致性将添加boolval函数。##8、新增 array_column() 函数可用来返回数组中指定的一列。```$records = array( array('id' => 2135,'name' => 'John'), array('id' => 3245,'name' => 'Smith'), array('id' => 5342,'name' => 'Peter'));//从结果集中取出 name 列$names = array_column($records, 'name');print_r($names);//从结果集中总取出 name 列,用相应的 id 作为键值$names = array_column($records, 'name', 'id');print_r($names);```#PHP 5.4##1、新增 Traitshttps://php.net/manual/zh/language.oop5.traits.php```// Traits不能被单独实例化,只能被类所包含trait SayWorld{ public function sayHello() { echo 'World!'; }}class MyHelloWorld{ // 将SayWorld中的成员包含进来 use SayWorld;}$xxoo = new MyHelloWorld();// sayHello() 函数是来自 SayWorld 构件的$xxoo->sayHello();```##2、新增短数组语法```// 原来的数组写法$arr = array("key" => "value", "key2" => "value2");$arr = array(1,2,3,4);// 简写形式$arr = ["key" => "value", "key2" => "value2"];$arr = [1,2,3,4];```##3、新增支持对函数返回数组的成员访问解析```print func()[0];```##4、无论 php.ini 中是否设置 short_open_tag,<?= $xxoo;?> 格式总是可用。这种简写形式被称为 Short Open Tag, 在 PHP5.3 起被默认开启,在 PHP5.4 起总是可用。 使用这种简写形式在 HTML 中嵌入 PHP 变量将会非常方便。##5、内置用于开发的 CLI 模式的 web server
//启动Web服务器
php -S localhost:8000
//启动时指定根目录
php -S localhost:8000 -t /home/me/public_html/foo
//使用路由(Router)脚本
php -S localhost:8000 index.php //所有的请求都会由index.php来处理。
<br />##6、新增在实例化时访问类成员
(new Foo)->bar();
<br />##7、新增了动态访问静态方法的方式
$func = "funcXXOO";
A::{$func}();
<br />##8、闭包支持 $this##9、新增二进制直接量
$bin = bindec(110011); //之前需要这样写
$bin = 0b110011;
echo $bin; //51
<br />##10、session提供了上传进度支持通过 ```$_SESSION["upload_progress_name"]``` 就可以获得当前文件上传的进度信息,结合 Ajax 就能很容易的实现上传进度条。##11、默认使用 mysqlnd现在mysql, mysqli, pdo_mysql默认使用mysqlnd本地库,在PHP5.4以前需要:```./configure --with-mysqli=mysqlnd```现在:```./configure --with-mysqli ```##12、让 json 更懂中文
echo json_encode("中文", JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
//"中文"
<br />##13、default_charset从ISO-8859-1已经变为UTF-8默认发送“Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8”#PHP 5.3##1、支持命名空间https://php.net/manual/zh/language.namespaces.php
<br />#2、增加后期静态绑定https://php.net/manual/zh/language.oop5.late-static-bindings.php在PHP中,我们可以在类中通过self关键字或者__CLASS__来判断或调用当前类。但有一个问题,如果我们是在子类中调用,得到的结果将是父类。因为在继承父类的时候,静态成员就已经被绑定了。
class A
{
static public function callFuncXXOO()
{
print self::funcXXOO();
}
static public function funcXXOO(){ return "A::funcXXOO()";}
}
class B extends A
{
static public function funcXXOO()
{
return "B::funcXXOO";
}
}
$b = new B;
$b->callFuncXXOO();
<br />输出是:
A::funcXXOO()
<br />PHP 5.3.0中增加了一个static关键字来引用当前类,即实现了延迟静态绑定:
class A
{
static public function callFuncXXOO()
{
print static::funcXXOO();
}
// ...
}
// ...
<br />这样就会像预期一样输出了:
B::funcXXOO
<br />#3、增加 goto 操作符https://php.net/manual/zh/control-structures.goto.phpgoto 语句有可能会导致程序流程不清晰,可读性减弱,但在某些情况下具有其独特的方便之处,例如中断深度嵌套的循环和 if 语句。
//以上运行时会输出 2
<br />#4、添加了原生的闭包(Lambda/匿名函数)支持https://php.net/manual/zh/functions.anonymous.php#5、新增两个魔术方法, __callStatic 和 __invokehttps://php.net/manual/zh/language.oop5.magic.php用静态方式中调用一个不可访问方法时,__callStatic() 会被调用。当尝试以调用函数的方式调用一个对象时,__invoke() 方法会被自动调用。
class A
{
public function __invoke($str)
{
print "A::__invoke(): {$str}";
}
}
$a = new A;
$a("Hello World");
<br />输出是:
A::__invoke(): Hello World
<br />#6、添加 Nowdoc 语法支持https://php.net/manual/zh/language.types.string.php#language.types.string.syntax.nowdoc
$str = Example of string
spanning multiple lines
using nowdoc syntax.
EOD;
<br />就象 heredoc 结构类似于双引号字符串,Nowdoc 结构是类似于单引号字符串的。Nowdoc 结构很象 heredoc 结构,但是 nowdoc 中不进行解析操作。#7、Heredoc 结构中可以用双引号来声明标识符了。https://php.net/manual/zh/language.types.string.php#language.types.string.syntax.heredoc
<br />#8、const 关键字可用来在类定义之外定义常量了。https://php.net/manual/zh/language.constants.syntax.php
define("CONSTANT_A", "Hello world");
const CONSTANT_B = 'Hello World';
<br />const 形式仅适用于常量,不适用于运行时才能求值的表达式:
// 正确
const XXOO = 1234;
// 错误
const XXOO = 2 * 617;
和使用 define() 来定义常量不同的是,使用 const 关键字定义常量必须处于最顶端的作用域,因为用此方法是在编译时定义的。即不能在函数内,循环内以及 if 语句之内用 const 来定义常量。#9、三元运算符可以简写省略中间的部分表达式 expr1 ?: expr3 ,当 expr1 为 TRUE 时返回 expr1,否则返回 expr3。#10、异常可以嵌套了
<br />#11、可以动态访问静态变量了
上边运行时输出:
123
```
在配置文件 php.ini 中可设置日志路径。参数名:mail.log
参考资料:1、https://php.net/manual/zh/migration53.new-features.php
2、https://php.net/manual/zh/migration54.new-features.php
3、https://php.net/manual/zh/migration55.new-features.php
4、https://php.net/manual/zh/migration56.new-features.php
5、http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000403307
6、http://blog.csdn.net/heiyeshuwu/article/details/16884725

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