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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP设计模式--命令模式

声明:本系列博客参考资料《大话设计模式》,作者程杰。

   

        命令模式:在软件系统中,“行为请求者”与“行为实现者”通常呈现一种“紧耦合”。但在某些场合,比如要对行为进行“记录、撤销/重做、事务”等处理,这种无法抵御变化的紧耦合是不合适的。在这种情况下,如何将“行为请求者”与“行为实现者”解耦?将一组行为抽象为对象,实现二者之间的松耦合。这就是命令模式。


         类图:

       

        角色分析:

        抽象命令:定义命令的接口,声明执行的方法。

        具体命令:命令接口实现对象,是“虚”的实现;通常会持有接收者,并调用接收者的功能来完成命令要执行的操作。

        命令接收者:接收者,真正执行命令的对象。任何类都可能成为一个接收者,只要它能够实现命令要求实现的相应功能。

        控制者:要求命令对象执行请求,通常会持有命令对象,可以持有很多的命令对象。这个是客户端真正触发命令并要求命令执行相应操作的地方,也就是说相当于使用命令对象的入口。


        核心代码:

        

<?php /** * Created by PhpStorm. * User: LYL * Date: 2015/6/4 * Time: 20:21 *//** * 电视机是请求的接收者,*遥控器上有一些按钮,不同的按钮对应电视机的不同操作。*抽象命令角色由一个命令接口来扮演,有三个具体的命令类实现了抽象命令接口,*这三个具体命令类分别代表三种操作:打开电视机、关闭电视机和切换频道。*显然,电视机遥控器就是一个典型的命令模式应用实例。 *//**命令接收者 * Class Tv */class Tv{    public $curr_channel=0;    /**     * 打开电视机     */    public function turnOn()    {        echo "The television is on."."<br/>";    }    /**     * 关闭电视机     */    public function turnOff()    {        echo "The television is off."."<br>";    }    /**切换频道     * @param $channel    频道     */    public function turnChannel($channel)    {        $this->curr_channel=$channel;        echo "This TV Channel is ".$this->curr_channel."<br>";    }}/**执行命令接口 * Interface ICommand */interface ICommand{    function execute();}/**开机命令 * Class CommandOn */class CommandOn implements  ICommand{    private $tv;    public function __construct($tv)    {        $this->tv=$tv;    }    public function execute()    {        $this->tv->turnOn();    }}/**关机命令 * Class CommandOn */class CommandOff implements  ICommand{    private $tv;    public function __construct($tv)    {        $this->tv=$tv;    }    public function execute()    {        $this->tv->turnOff();    }}/**切换频道命令 * Class CommandOn */class CommandChannel implements  ICommand{    private $tv;    private $channel;    public function __construct($tv,$channel)    {        $this->tv=$tv;        $this->channel=$channel;    }    public function execute()    {        $this->tv->turnChannel($this->channel);    }}/**遥控器 * Class Control */class Control{    private $_onCommand;    private $_offCommand;    private $_changeChannel;    public function __construct($on,$off,$channel)    {        $this->_onCommand = $on;        $this->_offCommand = $off;        $this->_changeChannel = $channel;    }    public function turnOn()    {        $this->_onCommand->execute();    }    public function  turnOff()    {        $this->_offCommand->execute();    }    public function changeChannel()    {        $this->_changeChannel->execute();    }}

         调用客户端代码:

         

header("Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8");//----------------------命令模式--------------------require_once "./Command/Command.php";//测试代码// 命令接收者  $myTv = new Tv();// 开机命令  $on = new CommandOn($myTv);// 关机命令  $off = new CommandOff($myTv);// 频道切换命令  $channel = new CommandChannel($myTv, 2);// 命令控制对象 $control = new Control($on, $off, $channel);// 开机  $control->turnOn();// 切换频道  $control->changeChannel();// 关机  $control->turnOff();

         适用场景:  

        1.系统需要将请求调用者和请求接收者解耦,使得调用者和接收者不直接交互。

        2.系统需要在不同的时间指定请求、将请求排队和执行请求。

        3.系统需要支持命令的撤销(Undo)操作和恢复(Redo)操作。

        4.系统需要将一组操作组合在一起,即支持宏命令。

   优点

    1.降低对象之间的耦合度。

    2.新的命令可以很容易地加入到系统中。

    3.可以比较容易地设计一个组合命令。

    4.调用同一方法实现不同的功能


    缺点

    使用命令模式可能会导致某些系统有过多的具体命令类。因为针对每一个命令都需要设计一个具体命令类,因此某些系统可能需要大量具体命令类,这将影响命令模式的使用。


        

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