本文是以PHP7作为基础,讲解如何从零开始创建一个PHP扩展。本文主要讲解创建一个扩展的基本步骤都有哪些。示例中,我们将实现如下功能:
<?phpecho say();?>
输出内容:
$ php ./test.php$ hello word
在扩展中实现一个say方法,调用say方法后,输出 hello word。
第一步:生成代码
PHP为我们提供了生成基本代码的工具 ext_skel。这个工具在PHP源代码的./ext目录下。
$ cd php_src/ext/$ ./ext_skel --extname=say
extname参数的值就是扩展名称。执行ext_skel命令后,这样在当前目录下会生成一个与扩展名一样的目录。
第二步,修改config.m4配置文件
config.m4的作用就是配合phpize工具生成configure文件。configure文件是用于环境检测的。检测扩展编译运行所需的环境是否满足。现在我们开始修改config.m4文件。
$ cd ./say$ vim ./config.m4
打开,config.m4文件后,你会发现这样一段文字。
dnl If your extension references something external, use with: dnl PHP_ARG_WITH(say, for say support, dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned: dnl [ --with-say Include say support]) dnl Otherwise use enable: dnl PHP_ARG_ENABLE(say, whether to enable say support, dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned: dnl [ --enable-say Enable say support])
其中,dnl 是注释符号。上面的代码说,如果你所编写的扩展如果依赖其它的扩展或者lib库,需要去掉PHP_ARG_WITH相关代码的注释。否则,去掉 PHP_ARG_ENABLE 相关代码段的注释。我们编写的扩展不需要依赖其他的扩展和lib库。因此,我们去掉PHP_ARG_ENABLE前面的注释。去掉注释后的代码如下:
dnl If your extension references something external, use with: dnl PHP_ARG_WITH(say, for say support, dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned: dnl [ --with-say Include say support]) dnl Otherwise use enable: PHP_ARG_ENABLE(say, whether to enable say support, Make sure that the comment is aligned: [ --enable-say Enable say support])
第三步,代码实现
修改say.c文件。实现say方法。找到PHP_FUNCTION(confirm_say_compiled),在其上面增加如下代码:
PHP_FUNCTION(say){ zend_string *strg; strg = strpprintf(0, "hello word"); RETURN_STR(strg);}
找到 PHP_FE(confirm_say_compiled, 在上面增加如下代码:
PHP_FE(say, NULL)
修改后的代码如下:
const zend_function_entry say_functions[] = { PHP_FE(say, NULL) /* For testing, remove later. */ PHP_FE(confirm_say_compiled, NULL) /* For testing, remove later. */ PHP_FE_END /* Must be the last line in say_functions[] */ }; /* }}} */
第四步,编译安装
编译扩展的步骤如下:
$ phpize$ ./configure$ make
修改php.ini文件,增加如下代码:
[say]extension = say.so
然后执行,php -m 命令。在输出的内容中,你会看到say字样。
第五步,调用测试
自己写一个脚本,调用say方法。看输出的内容是否符合预期。
完整代码下载
完整的扩展源代码下载(tar.gz格式)。完整的扩展源代码下载(zip格式)。

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


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