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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial《PHP核心技术与最佳实践》在PHP扩展中创建变量

1) 创建局部变量:在PHP语言层只要不是用global声明的变量都是局部变量。在编写扩展时,要创建一个能够被PHP脚本访问的局部变量,首先要创建一个zval容器,然后对这个zval窗口进行必要的的填充,最后把它引入到Zend引擎的内部符号表中,代码如下:

zval *new_var;

//申请并初始化一个新的zval容器

MAKE_STD_ZVAL(new_var);

//将“new_var”变量引入到当前活动符号表中

ZEND_SET_SYMBOL(EG(active_symbol_table),"new_var",new_var);

//现在就可以在脚本中用$new_var访问这个变量了

MAKE_STD_ZVAL()宏会通过ALLOC_ZVAL()宏申请一个新的zval容器的内存空间,并且调用INIT_PVAL()宏初始化这个zval容器,MAKE_STD_ZVAL宏代码如下:

#define MAKE_STD_ZVAL(zv)

ALLOC_ZVAL(zv);

INIT_PZVAL()zv;

INIT_PVAL()宏负责把zval容器的引用计数器(refcount)置为1,然后把引用标识设置为0,INIT_PVAL()宏代码如下:

#define INIT_PZVAL(z)

(z)->refcount = 1;

(z)->is_ref = 0;

当创建一个zval容器之后,必须把它引入符号表才能在PHP脚本中使用,ZEND_SET_SYMBOL()宏负责把新建的变量引入到Zend引擎内部的符号表中。这个宏首先会检查这个变量是否已经存在于符号表中,如已存在则将其替换成另一个引用变量同时会自动销毁原有的zval容器。

ZEND_SET_SYMBOL()宏是通过EG宏访问Zend执行器的全局结构的(Zend执行器执行Opcodes的部分),如果使用的是EG(active_symbol_table),则可以访问当前的活动符号表(通常就是局部变量表)从而可以处理一些局部变量。

在很在意程序运行效率且不太在乎内存的话,可以使用zend_hash_update()函数路过检查变量名是否存在于符号表中,而强行将变量名插入到符号表中,代码如下:

zval *new_var;

MAKE_STD_ZVAL(new_var);

zend_hash_update(

EG(active_symbol_table),

"new_var",

sizeof("new_var"),

&new_var,

sizeof(zval *),

NULL

);

2) 创建全局变量:

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