将footer固定在页面底部的实现方法_html/css

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将footer固定在页面底部的实现方法_html/css_WEB-ITnose

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Jun 21, 2016 am 08:56 AM

HTML结构：

<body>    <header>header</header>    <main>main content</main>    <footer>footer</footer></body>

CSS设置：

html{height:100%;}body{min-height:100%;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;}header{background-color: #ffe4c4;}main{padding-bottom:100px;background-color: #bdb76b;}/* main的padding-bottom值要等于或大于footer的height值 */footer{position:absolute;bottom:0;width:100%;height:100px;background-color: #ffc0cb;}

首先，设置body的高度至少充满整个屏幕，并且body作为footer绝对定位的参考节点；

其次，设置main（footer前一个兄弟元素）的padding-bottom值大于等于footer的height值，以保证main的内容能够全部显示出来而不被footer遮盖；

最后，设置footer绝对定位，并设置height为固定高度值。

HTML结构：

<body>    <div class="container">        <header>header</header>        <main>main content</main>    </div>    <footer>footer</footer></body>

CSS设置：

html,body{height:100%;margin:0;padding:0;}.container{min-height:100%;}header{background-color: #ffe4c4;}main{padding-bottom:100px;background-color: #bdb76b;}/* main的padding-bottom值要等于或大于footer的height值 */footer{height:100px;margin-top:-100px;background-color: #ffc0cb;}/* margin-top（负值的）高度等于footer的height值 */

此方法把footer之前的元素放在一个容器里面，形成了container和footer并列的结构：

首先，设置.container的高度至少充满整个屏幕；

其次，设置main（.container最后一个子元素）的padding-bottom值大于等于footer的height值；

最后，设置footer的height值和 margin-top负值。

这种方法没有使用绝对定位，但html结构的语义化不如方法一中的结构清晰。

也可以设置负值的margin-bottom在.container上面，此时html结构变化如下：

<body>    <div class="container">        <header>header</header>        <main>main content</main>        <div class="empty"></div>    </div>    <footer>footer</footer></body>

CSS设置：

html,body{height:100%;margin:0;padding:0;}.container{min-height:100%;margin-bottom:-100px;}.empty,footer{height:100px;}

使用一个空的div把footer容器推到页面最底部，同时给container设置一个负值的margin-bottom，这个margin-bottom与footer和.empty的高度相等。

虽然多了一个空的div，语义上也不怎么好，但是相比前面为main元素设置padding-bottom的方法有一个明显的好处：当网页内容不满一屏的时候，如果需要为main元素设置边框、背景色的时候，padding-bottom硬生生地撑出了一片空白，真真是有点丑，但是加个空的div之后，布局方式作用在.empty上，对main的css设置就不影响了，算是一个好处吧！

HTML结构：

<body>    <header>header</header>    <main>main content</main>    <footer>footer</footer></body>

CSS设置：

html,body{margin:0;padding: 0;}header{background-color: #ffe4c4;}main{background-color: #bdb76b;}footer{background-color: #ffc0cb;}/* 动态为footer添加类fixed-bottom */.fixed-bottom {position: fixed;bottom: 0;width:100%;}

js代码:

$(function(){    function footerPosition(){        $("footer").removeClass("fixed-bottom");        var contentHeight = document.body.scrollHeight,//网页正文全文高度            winHeight = window.innerHeight;//可视窗口高度，不包括浏览器顶部工具栏        if(!(contentHeight > winHeight)){            //当网页正文高度小于可视窗口高度时，为footer添加类fixed-bottom            $("footer").addClass("fixed-bottom");        } else {            $("footer").removeClass("fixed-bottom");        }    }    footerPosition();    $(window).resize(footerPosition);});

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