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HomeWeb Front-endHTML Tutorialwebpack入坑之旅(二)loader入门_html/css_WEB-ITnose

引子

在上一篇博客中我们已经成功的把简单的事情变得复杂了,把我们的只有几行代码的两个文件 first.js、 entry.js使用webpack进行文件打包生成了 bundle.js。

Webpack能做的就是这样,只能处理 JavaScript 模块。

当然它如果能做的仅仅是这样,那它也就不可能这么火了=_=。所以它可以通过引入其他的 loader,进而可以处理其它类型的文件。

loader介绍

Loader可以理解为是模块和资源的转换器,它本身是一个函数,接受源文件作为参数,返回转换的结果。这样,我们就可以通过require来加载任何类型的模块或文件,比如 VUE、 JSX、 SASS或图片。

先来看看 loader 有哪些特性?(网上复制的,不喜欢可以跳过。 地址)

  • Loader可以通过管道方式链式调用,每个 loader可以把资源转换成任意格式并传递给下一个 loader,但是最后一个 loader必须返回JavaScript。
  • Loader可以同步或异步执行。
  • Loader运行在node.js环境中,所以可以做任何可能的事情。
  • Loader可以接受参数,以此来传递配置项给 loader。
  • Loader可以通过文件扩展名(或正则表达式)绑定给不同类型的文件。
  • Loader可以通过npm发布和安装。
  • 除了通过 package.json的 main指定,通常的模块也可以导出一个 loader来使用。
  • Loader可以访问配置。
  • 插件可以让 loader拥有更多特性。
  • Loader可以分发出附加的任意文件。

loader使用

安装

根据上面说的 loader的知识,就这样编译是肯定不行的,所以我们安装用来读取css文件的 css-loader,再用 style-loader把它插入到页面中。

在命令行中输入:

npm install css-loader style-loader --save-dev

在 package.json中,主要是 devDependencies这个字段有了改变:

"devDependencies": {    "css-loader": "^0.23.1",    "style-loader": "^0.13.0",    "webpack": "^1.12.2"}

当然你可以用一个更加方便的方式进行安装,可以直接在 package.json中,添加相应的依赖(如上面的代码),之后的命令行中运行 npm intall,它会自动帮我们安装相应的依赖。

安装完毕。

加载 CSS 文件

还是上一篇博客中的文件,来添加一个css文件。 style.css,在里面添加

body {    background: red;}

修改我们的 entry.js,原文件不变,添加 require("!style!css!./style.css");,用来引入我们的css文件。

我们继续编译:

webpack entry.js bundle.js

完成后,刷新我们的页面,背景颜色是不是已经变成了红色了呢?

扩展名自动绑定loader

这就是我们的 loader的使用方式了。如果每次 requireCSS 文件的时候都要写 loader前缀 !style!css!这样的东西,显然是一件很麻烦的事情。我们需要它可以根据模块类型(扩展名)来自动绑定需要的 loader。

来看看更简便的方式,将 entry.js中的 require("!style!css!./style.css")修改为 require("./style.css"),可以改变一个背景颜色让你更明显的查看到变化!然后执行:

webpack entry.js bundle.js --module-bind "css=style!css"

。。

。。。

没成功对吧!

因为 !在命令行中具有特殊的含义,所以我们需要对它进行转义操作。再来试试:

webpack ./entry.js bundle.js --module-bind "css=style\!css"

成功的话,应该能再次看到背景的变化。

虽然这样可以将多个css文件进行编译打包,但是总感觉很是繁琐,我不想每次都运行那么一长串的命令怎么办?继续向下走吧。

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